바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

ISSN : 1229-067X

논문 상세

이전 다음
논문 투고

Vol.27 No.1
Citation Share

멈춤 신호 과제의 타당화 연구

Validation of Stop-Signal Task

한국심리학회지: 일반 / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2008, v.27 no.1, pp.217-234
원주영 (한국가이던스심리학습센터 마음과 배움)
김은정 (아주대학교)
원주영, & 김은정. (2008). 멈춤 신호 과제의 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 27(1), 217-234.
  • 다운로드 수
  • 조회수
PDF 다운로드

초록

본 연구에서는 반응 억제 결함을 효과적으로 측정할 수 있는 멈춤 신호 과제를 개발하여 그 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 성인 ADHD 고경향 집단과 저경향 통제 집단에게 ADHD 질문지와 충동성 질문지를 작성하게 한 후, 멈춤 신호 과제와 연속 수행 과제를 수행하게 하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 멈춤 신호 과제의 SSRT는 성인 ADHD 점수, 바랫 충동성 점수 및 딕만 충동성 점수와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 둘째, 멈춤 신호 과제에서 성인 ADHD 고경향 집단의 SSRT는 저경향 통제 집단의 SSRT보다 더 길었다. 즉 ADHD 고경향 집단이 저경향 통제 집단보다 반응 억제를 잘 하지 못하였다. 한편 연속 수행 과제에서는 성인 ADHD 고경향 집단과 저경향 통제 집단 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 멈춤 신호 과제의 동형 신뢰도 검증을 실시하였는데, 유의한 신뢰도 계수를 보였다. 이 결과는 멈춤 신호 과제가 반응 억제 결함을 측정하는 신뢰롭고 타당한 측정 도구임을 시사한다. 끝으로 본 연구의 임상적 의의와 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.

keywords
멈춤 신호 과제, 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애, 반응 억제 결함, 멈춤 신호에 대한 반응 시간(SSRT), Stop-Signal Task, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders(ADHD), response inhibition deficit, Stop-Signal Reaction Time

Abstract

The purpose of present study was to develop the Stop-Signal Task and to investigate its reliability and validity. Stop-Signal Task provides a measure of the efficiency of response inhibition deficit. Adults with ADHD tendencies and the control group completed ADHD scales(current symptoms scales, childhood symptoms scale), and impulsivity scales. Then the two groups performed the Stop-Signal Task and the Continuous Performance Test. The results were as follows. First, SSRT positively correlated with adult ADHD scores, Barratt impulsivity scores, and Dickman impulsivity scores. Second, in the case of the Stop-Signal Task, Delay and GORT of the ADHD group were shorter than delay and GORT of the control one, and SSRT of the ADHD group was longer than that of the control one. In other words, adults with ADHD tendencies have response inhibition deficit compared with the control group. In contrast, on Continuous Performance Test(CPT), there was no difference between the ADHD group and the control one. Third, alternate-form reliability of the Stop-Signal Task was significantly moderate. In conclusions, Stop-Signal Task appears to be a highly reliable and valid measure to assess the efficiency of response inhibition. Finally, clinical implication and limitations of this study were discussed, and the suggestions for future study were also discussed.

keywords
멈춤 신호 과제, 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애, 반응 억제 결함, 멈춤 신호에 대한 반응 시간(SSRT), Stop-Signal Task, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders(ADHD), response inhibition deficit, Stop-Signal Reaction Time

참고문헌

1.

김미연 (2003). 주의력 진단 검사의 제시순서와 난이도에 따른 주의력결핍 과잉행동 장애의 주의 특성. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 23(4), 1085-1107.

2.

김은정 (2003). 한국형 성인 ADHD 척도의 타당화 연구: 대학생 표본을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 22(4), 897-911.

3.

신민섭 (2000). 주의력 결핍 과잉운동장애. 심리장애의 인지행동적 접근, 433-493.

4.

이길전, 손정락 (2001). 자기지시훈련이 비행 청소년의 역기능적 충동성과 연속수행검사 반응에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 20(2), 229-244.

5.

이영호, 송종용 (1991). BDI, SDS, MMPI-D 척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도에 대한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 10(1), 98-113.

6.

이현수 (1992). 충동성 검사. 서울: 한국 가이던스.

7.

정연옥, 이철원 (1997). Barratt 충동성 검사의 요인 구조: 대학생 집단자료를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 16(1), 117-129.

8.

황준원, 조수철 (2001). 주의력결핍․과잉행동장애. 서울대학교 출판부.

9.

American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

10.

Barkley, R. A. (1983). Hyperactivity. In RJ Morris, TR Kratochwill(Eds), The Practice of Child Therapy,(pp. 87-112). New York: Pergamon Press.

11.

Barkley, R. A. (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 65-94.

12.

Barkley, R. A. (1998). ADHD and the Nature of Self-Control. Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 18, 3-4.

13.

Barkley, R. A., Fischer, M., Edelbrock, C. S., & Smallish, L. (1990). The Adolescent outcomes of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria: I. An 8-year prospective follow-up study. Journal American Academy Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 546-557.

14.

Barratt, E. (1959). Anxiety and impulsiveness related to psychomotor efficiency. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 9, 191-198.

15.

Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.

16.

Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 53-63.

17.

Conners, C. K. (1995). CPT-X Paradigm in Adolescents. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 150, 33-51.

18.

Dickman, S. J. (1990). Functional and Dysfunctional impulsivity: Personality and cognitive correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 95-102.

19.

Douglas, V. I. (1983). Attention and cognitive problem. In M. Rutter(Ed). Developmental Neuropsychiatry, (pp.280-329). New York: Guildford Press.

20.

Epstein, J. N., Conners, C. K., Sitarenios, G., & Erhardt, D. (1998). Continuous Performance Test Results of Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 12, 155-168.

21.

Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J. F., Feighner, J. A., & Monuteauz, M. C. (2000). Assessing symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: Which is more valid? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 830-843.

22.

Friedman, P. C., & Christophersen, E. R.(1993). Behavior Therapy and Hyperactivity: A Brief Review of Therapy for a Big Problem. The Bahavior Therapist, 6, 175-176.

23.

Herrero, M. E., Hechtman, L., & Weiss, G. (1994). Antisocial disorders in hyperactive subjects from childhood to adulthood: Predictive factors and characterization of subgroups. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64, 510-521.

24.

Jennings, J. R., van der Molen, M. W., Brock, W., & Somsen, B. (1992). Inhibition in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as indexed by heart rate change. Developmental Psychology, 33, 308-318.

25.

Joel, T. N. (1999). The ADHD Response- Inhibition Deficit as Measured by the Stop Task: Replication with DSM-IV Combined Type, Extension and Qulification. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 27, 393-402.

26.

Joel, T. N. (2000). Neuropsychological Executive Functions and DSM-IV ADHD Subtypes. Journal-American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 24-45.

27.

Kagan, E., Rosman, J., Day, B.A., Albert, F., & Phillips, E. (1964) Cognitive Features of Impulsive Children. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 70, 24-40.

28.

Logan, G. D. (1994). On the ability to inhibit thought and action: A users' guide to stop signal paradigm. In the T. H. Dagenbach & D. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory process in attention, memory, and language (pp. 189-239). San Diego: Academic Press.

29.

Logan, G. D., & Cowan, P. (1984). On the ability to inhibit thought and action: A theory of an act of control. Psychological Review, 91, 295-327.

30.

Logan, G. D., Russell J. S., & Rosemary T. (1997). Impulsivity and Inhibitory Control. Psychological Science, 8, 60-64.

31.

Logan, G. D., Russell J. S., & Rosemary T. (2000). In S. Monsell & J. Driver (Eds.), Control of Cognitive Process. Attention and Performance XVIII (pp. 653-677).

32.

Mannuzza, S., Klein, R. G., Bessler, A., Malloy, P., & LaPadula, M. (1993). Adult outcome of hyperactive boys: Educational achievement, occupational rank and psychiatric status. Archive of General Psychiatry, 50, 565-576.

33.

Milich, R., & Kramer, J. (1984). Reflections on impulsivity: An empirical investigation of impulsivity as a construct. In K. Gadow & I. Bialer (Eds.), Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities, 3(pp.57-94). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

34.

Oosterlaan, J., & Logan, G. D., & Sergeant, J. A. (1998). Response inhibition in AD/HD, CD, comorbid AD/HD+CD, anxious, and control children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 411-425.

35.

Pennington, B. F., & Ozonoff, S. (1996). Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 51-87.

36.

Schachar, R. J., & Logan, G. D. (1990). Social influences on children's problem solving: Psycscan Developmental Psychology, 11, 99-110.

37.

Schachar, R. J., Mota, V. L., Logan, G. D., Tannock, R., & Klim, P. (2000). Confirmation of an inhibitory control deficit in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 227-235.

38.

Schachar, R. J., Tannock, R., & Logan, G. D. (1993). Inhibitory control, impulsiveness, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 13, 721-739.

39.

Whalen, C. K. (1989). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In T. H. Ollendick & M. Herson (Eds.), Handbook of Psychopathology, 2nd, Ed, (pp. 131-169). New York: Plenum Press.

40.

Zametkin, A., & Rapoport, J. (1987). Treatment of Hyperactivity with Phenylalanine. Annual Meeting-American Psychiatric Association-New Research Program and Abstracts, 139, [Abstracts].

한국심리학회지: 일반

논문 투고 OA 정책