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메타커뮤니케이션에 대한 이해와 활용

Understanding and application of metacommunication

한국심리학회지: 일반 / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2009, v.28 no.3, pp.599-626
윤재호 (가톨릭대학교)
정남운 (가톨릭대학교)
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  • 조회수

초록

최근 상담 및 심리치료 분야에서는 내담자의 임상적 변화를 야기하는 특정변인에 대한 탐색과 상담 과정 차원에 대한 범이론적 통합 노력이 활발히 전개되고 있다. 이러한 접근에서는 상담에서 상담자와 내담자간에 실제로 어떠한 상호작용이 이루어졌는지, 상담의 성과를 가장 잘 예측하는 작업동맹의 향상에 기여하는 요인은 무엇인지를 확인하는 것을 강조한다. 본 연구에서는 상담자와 내담자간 치료적 동맹을 강화시키고, 내담자의 자기 이해와 통찰을 도우며, 상담에의 저항을 극복하는 등 다양한 목적을 위해 사용될 수 있는 범이론적 치료기법인 메타커뮤니케이션(metacommunication: Kiesler, 1988, 1996)을 개관하고, 이 기법의 상담 현장에서의 유용성과 관련 연구의 필요성에 대해 논의하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 메타커뮤니케이션을 개념적으로 정의하고, 필요성을 살펴봄으로써 이 기법에 대한 이해를 도모하고자 하였다. 다음으로는 메타커뮤니케이션의 활용을 위한 단계모델을 살펴보고, 이어 상담에서의 활용방법과 활용 시 주의점에 대하여 언급하였다. 또한 메타커뮤니케이션 관련 경험적 연구를 소개하고 관련 변인과의 관계를 살펴봄으로써 추후 경험적 연구를 위한 토대를 마련하고자 하였다. 마지막으로 이를 종합적으로 요약하고 추후 연구방향에 대해서 논의하였다

keywords
metacommunication, immediacy, counseling skill, working alliance, counseling process comments, 메타커뮤니케이션, 즉시성, 상담기법, 작업동맹, 상담과정 논의

Abstract

The recent counseling and psychotherapy has explored the specific variables causing clients’ clinical changes and made transtheoretical integration efforts in the counseling process aspect. This approach highlights the actual interaction between a counselor and a client and a factor contributing to improvement in the working alliance that anticipates best the result of counseling. The study surveyed metacommunication (Kiesler, 1988, 1996), a transtheoretical therapy technique for the various purposes to intensify the therapeutic alliance between a counselor and a client, to help a client’s self-understanding and insight, and to overcome resistance in counseling, as well as discussed the utility of the technique in counseling and the necessity of related studies. To this end, the study aimed to promote understanding of the technique by defining metacommunication conceptually and looking into the necessity. Next, it examined a stage model for the use of metacommunication and then dealt with the counseling methods and special cautions in counseling. The study also introduced empirical studies related to metacommunication and looked into the relations with related variables in order to prepare the foundation for future empirical studies. Lastly, it summarized the aforementioned synthetically and discussed future research directions.

keywords
metacommunication, immediacy, counseling skill, working alliance, counseling process comments, 메타커뮤니케이션, 즉시성, 상담기법, 작업동맹, 상담과정 논의

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