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ISSN : 1229-067X

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Vol.31 No.4
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규칙준수 행동에 대한 정적강화와 부적강화의 상대적 효과 비교

A comparison of the effects of positive and negative reinforcement on safety rule following behavior

한국심리학회지: 일반 / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2012, v.31 no.4, pp.1043-1057
이재희 (중앙대학교)
오세진 (중앙대학교)
이재희, & 오세진. (2012). 규칙준수 행동에 대한 정적강화와 부적강화의 상대적 효과 비교. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 31(4), 1043-1057.
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초록

본 연구의 목적은 정적강화와 부적강화가 규칙준수 행동에 미치는 효과성을 비교하는 것이었다. 본 연구에서 참가자들이 수행했던 과제는 컴퓨터를 활용한 가상 용접 과제였다. 본 과제는 7개의 안전 규칙을 준수하면서 철판을 용접하는 것이었다. 또한 모든 안전규칙을 준수해야 안전행동으로 측정되었고 안전행동 비율이 본 연구의 종속변인이었다. 50명의 대학생 참가자를 무선적으로 25명씩 정적강화와 부적강화 두 집단에 할당하였다. 모든 참가자들은 100개의 용접과제를 수행하였다. 정적강화 집단에서는 기본 보상금이 5000원이었으며 7개의 안전 규칙을 모두 준수하면서 과제를 완료할 때마다 50원씩 증가하였다. 부적강화 집단에서는 기본 보상금이 10000원이었으며 7개의 안전규칙 중 하나라도 준수하지 않으면 50원씩 감소하였다. 공변량분석 결과 부적강화 집단이 정적강화 집단보다 안전행동 준수율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 추후연구에는 강화의 스케줄 및 크기와 정서반응까지 고려하여 연구를 진행해야할 것이다.

keywords
정적강화, 부적강화, 조작적 조건화, 안전 행동, 규칙준수행동, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, operant conditioning, safety behavior, rule following behavior

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of positive and negative reinforcement on the rule following behaviors. Fifty participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups: positive and negative reinforcement groups. Participants had to perform a simulated welding task and follow 7 safety rules while working on the task. Participants in the positive reinforcement group earned a base pay of 5,000 won at the beginning of the experiment and could earn additional 50 won for completing each task if they followed all safety rules. Participants in the negative reinforcement group earned 10,000 won at the beginning of the experiment and could lose 50 won for completing each task if they did not follow any of the safety rules. The results showed that the rule following behavior in the negative reinforcement group was significantly higher than that in the positive reinforcement group. More replication studies are needed and possible differences in emotional and physiological responses between the two types of reinforcement also should be examined.

keywords
정적강화, 부적강화, 조작적 조건화, 안전 행동, 규칙준수행동, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, operant conditioning, safety behavior, rule following behavior

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한국심리학회지: 일반

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