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Korean Journal of Psychology: General

  • KOREAN
  • P-ISSN1229-067X
  • E-ISSN2734-1127
  • KCI

What is Trauma? Understanding and Classification based on the Evolutionary Perspective

Korean Journal of Psychology: General / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2015, v.34 no.2, pp.565-598





Abstract

This study was based on evolutionary psychology perspective to understand and classify trauma. Organisms naturally targets conservation and preservation of species and trauma is a serious incident that threatens the survival, safety and flourish of the organism. Fear-memory circuits, withdrawal, aggressive defense, appeasement, attentive immobility, tonic immobility and etc. followed by the incidents are core reactions and coping mechanisms of trauma which are built in during the evolutionary process. In this study, we separated the time by each evolutionary era (Mesozoic-Cenozoic -Paleolithic -Neolithic) also, separated and classified the threats that human ancestors faced in the environment of evolutionary adaptation into several types; threats by hostile nature, threats posed by intraspecific competition - intergroup competition and intragroup competition, traumatic events such as interspecies competition threats, a developmental trauma, artificial threats etc. The DSM-5 diagnostic system for Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder has overlooked the unique characteristics of human beings, in other words, the importance of psychological safety as well as the developmental trauma and object relation trauma, and vulnerability of the objects that emerged in the evolution of the human species. In addition, we also discussed therapeutic implications on trauma on evolutionary perspective.

keywords
trauma, evolution, evolutionary psychology, 트라우마, 외상, 진화, 진화심리학

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