ISSN : 1229-067X
This paper lists and analyzes the errors that can be often produced by the misunderstanding and blind faith in α level of significance test(N-P theory). To understand such enors properly, a fundamental analysis of the hypothesis testing procedure is needed. Therefore, this paper, using formal logic, attempts a logical structural analysis of hypotheses and tests of significance commonly used in empirical research. Along with a suggestion of a proper interpretation of α level, the result points out the inadequacy of the customary practice in research which set too much weight on α, and calls for further interest in the effect size and the type II error β.