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본 연구의 목적은 전통적 성격척도의 긍정응답왜곡 가능성을 줄이기 위해 상황판단검사 형식을 이용하여 정직성을 측정하는 척도를 개발하고 개발된 척도의 구성개념 타당도와 공준타당도를 확인하는데 있다. 총 359명(남자=46.24%, 여자=53.76%)의 직장인에게서 수집된 자료를 분석에 이용하였다. 본 연구에서 제작한 정직성 상황판단검사는 HEXACO 모형의 정직-겸손성 요인의 4개의 하위 구성개념(진실성, 도덕성, 청렴성, 겸손성)별 5-6문항씩으로 이루어져 있다. 정직성 상황판단검사의 구성개념 타당도 검증을 위한 확인적 요인분석 결과, 4개의 요인이 단일요인으로 수렴되는 고차요인모형의 CFI와 TLI는 각각 .934, .913, RMSEA는 .049로 모두 양호한 적합기준 이상인 것으로 나타나 4가지 하위요인들이 단일의 정직-겸손성으로 수렴되는 것으로 나타났다. 정직성을 Likert 식의 평정형과 상황판단형식으로 측정하였을 때 긍정응답왜곡을 살펴 본 결과, 정직-겸손성 요인 중 정직성(honesty)에 해당하는 진실성과 도덕성은 상황판단형식이 Likert 형식보다 긍정응답과 관련성이 더 낮은 것으로 나타났으나 겸손성(humility)에 해당하는 겸손성과 청렴성은 측정형식 간 유의한 상관 차이를 보이지 않았다. 공준타당도를 확인하기 위해 사용된 변수는 자기통제(self-control) 및 마키아벨리즘 성격(Machiavellism personality)이다. 공준타당도에 대한 분석 결과, 정직성 상황판단검사는 마키아벨리즘 성격과 -.21, 자기통제와 .27의 상관을 보였고 이들 상관은 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다.
The purposes of this research were to develop the Honesty test using situation judgment test format to reduce the possibility of faking good in personality scales and to identify construct validity and concurrent validity of the developed scale. Total 359 employees(male, 46.24%; female, 53.76%) were used in this study. The Honesty test developed in this study consists of 5 to 6 items 6 items for each 4 sub-constructs (i.e., sincerity, fairness, greed avoidance and modesty) of honesty-humility factor in HEXACO model. Confirmatory factor analysis to assess the construct validity of the Honesty test resulted in favorable goodness of fit indexes for the 4-factor model(CFI = .946, TLI = .925, RMSEA = .046). Also, favorable goodness of fit indexes(CFI = .934, TLI = .911, RMSEA = .049) in the higher-order factor analysis showed that the 4 sub-constructs were converged into the single honesty-humility factor. To investigate the possibility of faking good could be reduced in the situational judgment test format compared to the Likert test format in measuring honesty, correlations between the honesty scores in each test format and the scores of faking good were compared. Although the correlations between the humility sub-constructs(i.e., greed avoidance and modesty) and faking good scores were not significantly different depending on the measurement format, the correlations between the honesty sub-constructs(i.e., sincerity and fairness) and faking good scores were significantly low in the situational judgment test format than in the Likert test format. The concurrent validity analyses revealed that the Honesty test using situational judgment test format had significant correlations with Machiavellism personality(r = -.21) and self-control(r = .27). Limitations of the study and directions for future study were discussed.
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