본 연구의 목적은 여성 진로 상담을 위한 생태학적 관점과 인접학문 분야에서 연구되어 온 일-가족 갈등에 관한 연구 결과들을 바탕으로, 책략적 성격과 환경적 지지(배우자의 지지, 가족 친화 조직문화)가 다중역할 현실성 태도를 매개로 일-가족 다중역할 갈등에 직간접적으로 영향을 미치는 인과적 구조모형을 설정하고, 그 적합도와 개별 변수의 영향력을 살펴보는 데 있다. 연구를 위해서 웹 설문을 통해 대졸 기혼 직장 여성 199명의 자료를 수집하였다. 2단계 접근법을 활용한 구조방정식 모형으로 자료를 분석한 결과, 측정변수들이 해당 잠재변수를 적절하게 설명하였으며, 본 연구에서 가정한 일-가족 다중역할 갈등 완화에 대한 인과적 구조모형이 수집된 자료에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 구체적인 경로를 살펴보면, 책략적 성격의 개인특성은 다중역할 현실성 태도를 긍정적으로 향상시킴으로써 일-가족 다중역할 갈등을 완화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 배우자의 지지는 다중역할 현실성 태도를 매개로 일-가족 다중역할 갈등을 완화시키지만 직접경로는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 가족 친화 조직문화는 직접적으로 일-가족 다중역할 갈등을 완화시키지만 다중역할 현실성 태도를 매개로 하는 간접 경로는 유의하지 않았다. 끝으로, 다중역할 현실성 태도는 일-가족 다중역할 갈등을 완화시키는 중요한 매개 변수로 확인되었다.
Given an ecological perspective of career counseling for women(Cook, Heppner, & O'Brien, 2002) and multidisciplinary literature concerning work-family conflicts, the current study article presents a buffering model of work-family multiple-role conflict. Structural equation modeling was employed to test this conceptual model with a sample of Korean employed mothers(N=199). Results indicated that the hypothesized model fitted into data at acceptable level. Findings as followed: 1) the multiple-role realism directly decreased work-family multiple-role conflicts; 2) proactive personality influenced positively the multiple-role realism and, in turn, decreased the work-family multiple-role conflicts; 3) spousal support indirectly lessened the work-family multiple-role conflicts through multiple-role realism; 4) work-family friendly culture significantly buffered the work-family multiple-role conflicts. Implications for practice and research on career counseling for employed mother were provided.
강혜련ㆍ임희정 (2000). 성취동기와 가족친화제도가 기혼 여성의 직장-가정 갈등과 경력몰입에 미치는 조절변인의 효과. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 5(2). 1-14.
유계숙 (2008). 가족친화적 조직문화가 근로자의 일-가족 조화와 삶의 질에 미치는 영향. 한국가정관리학회지, 26(5). 27-37.
양은주 (1997). 여대생의 진로결정에 영향을 미치는 심리적 변인 연구: 태도와 자기-효능감을 중심으로. 석사학위논문, 연세대학교.
정영금 (2005). 기혼취업여성의 일-가족 갈등과 여파에 관한 연구. 한국가정과리학회지, 23 (4), 1-10.
최윤정ㆍ김계현 (2007). 고학력 기혼여성의 진로단절 위기 경험에 대한 개념도 연구 - 진로지속 여성과 중단 여성 간의 비교 – 상담학 연구, 8(3), 1031-1036.
최윤정ㆍ김계현 (2009). 여성 진로 상담 관점에서 본 다중역할(일-가족) 균형의 구성개념 및 측정에 대한 경험적 연구 고찰. 상담학 연구, 10(1), 365-384.
한지숙, 유계숙 (2007). 기혼근로자의 성역할 태도와 일-가족 지향성이 일-가족 갈등/촉진 및 가족친화제도 이용에 미치는 영향. 한국가정관리학회지, 25(5), 143-166.
Adams, G. A., King, L. A. & King, D. W. (1996). Relationships of job and family involvement, family social support, and work-family conflict with job and life satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 411-420.
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423.
Anderson, T. D., Coffey, B. S., & Byerly, R. T. (2002). Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: links to work-family conflict and job-related outcomes. Journal of Management, 28(6), 787-810.
Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to family conflict: a review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 287-308.
Ashford, S. J. & Black, J. S. (1996). Proactivity during organizational entry: The role of desire for control. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(2), 199-214.
Bandalos, D. L. (2002). The effects of item parceling on goodness-of fit and parameter estimates bias in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(1), 78-102.
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: an agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1-26.
Bateman, T. S. & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: a measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103-118.
Betz, N. (2006). Basic issues and concepts in the career development and counseling of women. In Bruce, W. & Heppner, M. (Eds), Handbook of Career Counseling for Women (pp.45-74). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Elbaum Associates, Inc.
Boyar, S. L. & Mosley Jr. D. C. (2007). The relationship between core self-evaluations and work and family satisfaction: The mediating role of work-family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 71(2), 265-281.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32(5), 513-531.
Carlson, D. S. & Perrewe, P. L. (1999). The role of social support in the stressor-strain relationship: An examination of work-family conflict. Journal of Management, 25(4), 513-540.
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., & Willimas, L. J. (2000). Construction and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Measure of Work-Family Conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 56(2), 249-276.
Carlson, D. S. & Grzywacz, J. G. (2008). Reflections and future directions on measurement in work-family research. In Korabik, K. & Lero D. S. & Whitehead D. L. (1st Eds), Handbook of Work-Family Integration(pp.57-73). London: Elsevier.
Cook, E. P., Heppner, M. J., & O’Brien, K. M. (2002). Career development of women of color and white women: assumptions, conceptualization, and interventions from an ecological perspectives, The Career Development Quarterly, 50(4), 291-305.
Cohen, S. & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(3), 310-357.
Cunningham, C. J. L. & De La Rosa, G. M. (2008). The interactive effects of proactive personality and work-family interference on well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(3), 271-282.
Farmer, H. S. (1985). Model of career achievement motivation of women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 32(3), 363-390.
Fassinger, R. E., & O’Brien, K. M. (2000). Career counseling with college women: a scientist- practitioner-advocate model of intervention. In Luzzo, D. A. (Eds), Career Counseling of College Students(253-266). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Frone, M. R., Yardley, J. K. & Markel, K. S. (1997). Developing and testing an integrative model of the work-family interface. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50(2), 145-167.
Frone, M. L., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work- family conflict: testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(1), 65-78.
Gilbert, L. A. & Kearney, L. (2006). Sex, gender, and dual-earner families: implications and applications for caeer counseling for women. In Bruce, W. & Heppner, M. J. (Eds), Handbook of Career Counseling for Women (pp.193-217). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Elbau Associates, Inc.
Gomez, M. J., Fassinger, R. E., Prosser, J., Cooke, K., & Mejia, B. (2001). Vocices forging paths: a qualitative study of the career development of notable Latinas. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(3), 286-300.
Greenhaus, J. H. & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family role. The Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88.
Greenhaus, J. H. & Parasuraman, S., Granrose, C. S., Rabinowitz, S, Beutell, N. J. (1989). Sources of work-family conflict among two- career couples. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 34(2), 133-153.
Grzywacz, J. G., & Butler, A. B. (2005). The impact of job characteristics on work-to-family facilitation: testing a theory and distinguishing a construct. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(2), 97-109.
Gueguen, N. (2002). Foot-in-the-door technique and computer-mediated communication. Computers in Human Behavior, 18(1), 11-15.
Hammer, L. B., Allen, E., & Grigby, T. (1997). Work-family conflict in dual-earner couples: within individual and crossover effect of work and family. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50(2), 185-203.
Kossek, E. E., & Ozeki, C. (1998). Work-family conflict, policies, and the job-satisfaction relationship: A review and directions for organizational behavior-human resources research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 139-149.
Kraus, S. J. (1995). Attitude and the predictor of behavior: a meta-analysis of th empirical literature. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(1), 57-75.
McCracken, R. S. & Weitzman, L. (1997). Relationship of personal agency, problem- solving appraisal, and traditionality of career choice to women's attitudes toward multiple role planning. Journal of counseling Psychology, 44(2), 149-159.
MacDermid, S. M. & Harvey, A. (2006). The work-family conflict construct: methodological implications. In Pitt-Catsouphes, M, Kossek, E. E. & Sweet, Stephen (Eds), The Work and Family Handbook-Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives and Approaches(567-586). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
McManus, K., Korabik, K., Rosin, H. M., & Kelloway, E. K. (2002). Employed mothers and the work-family interface: does family structure matter? Human Relations, 55(11), 1295-1324.
Quintana, S. M., & Maxwell, S. E. (1999). Implications of recent developments in structural equation modeling for counseling psychology. Counseling Psychologist, 27(4), 485- 527.
Peake, A. & Harris, K. L. (2002). Young adults' attitudes toward multiple role planning: the influence of gender, career traditionality, and marriage plans. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60(4), 405-421.
Rosenbaum, M. & Cohen, E. (1999). Equalitarian Marriage, Spousal Support, Resourcefulness, and Psychological Distress among Israeli Working Women. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54(1), 102-113.
Sarbin, T R. (1954). Role theory. In G. Lindzey (Ed). Handbook of social psychology, Vol. Ⅰ. Theory and method (pp.223-258). Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Seibert, S. E., Crant, J. M., & Kraimer, M. L. (1999). Proactive personality and career success, Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(3), 416-427.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422-445.
Sweet, S. & Moen, P. (2006). Advancing a career focus on work and the family: insights from the life course perspective. In Pitt-Catsouphes, M, Kossek, E. E. & Sweet, Stephen (Eds), The Work and Family Handbook-Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives and Approaches (567-586). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Thompson, C. A., Beauvais, L. L., & Lyness, K. S. (1999). When work-family benefits are not enough: the influence of work-family culture on benefit utilization, organizational attachment, and work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54(3), 392-415.
Wayne, J. H., Musisca, N., & Fleeson, W. (2004). Considering the role of personality in the work-family experience: Relationships of the big five to work-family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(1), 108-130.
Weitzman, L. M. (1994). Multiple role realism: A theoretical framework for the process of planning to combine career and family roles. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 3(1), 15-25.
Weitzman, L., & Fitzgerald, L. (1996). The Development and initial validation of scales to assess attitudes toward multiple role planning. Journal of Career Assesment, 4(3), 269-284.
Whitmarsh, L., Brown, D., Cooper, J., Hawking- Rogers, Y., & Wentworth, D. K. (2007). Choices and challenges: a qualitative exploration of professional women’s career patterns. The Career Development Quarterly, 55(3), 225-236.
Zimerman, T. S., Haddock, S. A., Current, L. R., & Ziemba, S. (2003). Intimate partnership: foundation to the successful balance of family and work. The American Journal of Family Theapy, 31(2), 107-124.
