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본 연구에서는 자기결정이론에 바탕을 두고 상담에서 내담자가 경험하는 기본 심리적 욕구 만족을 측정할 수 있는 척도를 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 내담자를 대상으로 심층 면담한 내용과 기존의 기본 심리적 욕구 만족 척도들을 문항풀로 사용하여 내담자의 기본 심리적 욕구 만족 척도 18문항을 개발하고 타당화하였다. 개발된 척도의 문항들은 상담 장면에서 특징적으로 경험할 수 있는 욕구 만족을 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났으며, 신뢰도와 타당도가 우수하였다. 세 가지 하위요인인 자율성, 유능감, 관계성이 상담성과를 잘 예측하는 것으로 나타났으며, 상담자의 상담시간평가와 상담만족도는 관계성, 내담자의 상담시간평가는 자율성과 관계성, 내담자의 상담만족도는 유능감과 관계성의 예측력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 자율성과 관계성 만족 척도의 경우 내담자의 애착척도의 몰입 차원과 유의한 정적 상관을 나타내어, 측정치에 전이 감정이나 몰입 애착이 혼입되어 있을 가능성을 보였다. 논의에서 본 연구의 이론적·임상적 의의와 연구의 제한점을 논하였으며, 추후 연구 방향을 제안하였다.
This study aimed the development and validation of the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Therapeutic Relationships (BPNS-TR) based on self-determination theory. Item pool was developed based on in-depth interviews with clients and self-determination theory literature. Responses to the scale were fitted to a 3-factor structure. The scale and the three subscales (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) within the scale also showed reliability and validity at an acceptable level. Results of multiple regression indicated that the three subscales significantly predicted counseling outcomes (i.e., clients satisfaction and session evaluation). However, the both autonomy and relatedness were positively associated with preoccupied-merger attachment, which might imply measurement confounding in autonomy and relatedness satisfaction of clients. Theoretical and clinical implications and limitations of the findings are discussed, and direction for further research is discussed.
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