Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- E-ISSN2734-1127
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ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.18 No.1
Abstract
Shimcheong is a phenomenological reality for Koreans which plays vital roles in communications and interactions in everyday real lives. Shimcheong is different from primitive emotions which are rooted in biology and evolved according to survival mechanisms. Shimcheong is a cultural concept related with cognitive judgments and interpretations for psychological inner experiences. Koreans react very sensitively to other's Shimcheong as well as their own, and consider those contents of Shimcheong very important to define relationships. One of the major functions of maintaining relationships for Koreans is to develop and reinforce we-ness. Development and reinforcement of we-ness are achieved through Shimcheong communications. When Shimcheong communication is spontaneous, the parties feel their minds meeting each other and the relationship is greatly improved. Shimcheong as a Korean concept is unique in the following sense. First, Koreans are exclusively sensitive to Shimcheong phenomena and consider them very important for terms of the contents of Shimcheong, and thus have developed particular sets of communicative culture and society. The development of discourses based on Shimcheong means accompanying developments of the modes of thinking and feeling based on Shimcheong. Therefore, Shimcheong is the keynotes for Korean arts, music and literature. The most important keyword to understand Korean culture is Shimcheong.
Abstract
Although the practical intelligence was proposed as a complementary concept of traditional academic intelligence almost 20 years ago, it's structure and function have never been systematically explored. It has been continuously argued that there is something that goes beyond traditional concept of intelligence. We investigate the implicit theory of academic intelligence and practical intelligence. Following Sternberg and colleagues' approach we discovered the structure of academic intelligence(AI) and practical intelligence(PI) that exist in Korean college students' implicit theory. AI consists of factors of problem solving, self-management, creativity, memory, individualistic tendency, language ability, and self-efficacy. PI consists of factors of self-management, managing social relations, problem-solving, social norm, creativity, language ability, calculating benefit and loss, and dominance. There are four factors that are shared between AI and PI. There seems to be a lot of duplication in the implicit structure of AI and PI in Korean students. But it is also true that they do not converge into one. It turns out that people tend to use their implicity theory of AI and PI in evaluating their own and others' AI and PI.
Abstract
In the current study, the syntactic processing related with the comprehension and production processes was examined. In order to see agrammatism in comprehending and producing the subjective and objective cases, the sentence-picture matching task and the sentence completion task were employed. The sentence-picture matching task was to measure the comprehension performance of the semantically reversible sentences. The semantically reversible sentences can't be understood correctly without understanding the subjective and objective case postpositions. The results of the sentence-picture task showed that the agrammatic Broca patient comprehended the semantically reversible sentences 100% correctly. Two sentence completion tasks were used to evaluate the production processing of the case postpositions and morphological inflections. In the sentence completion task, the patient produced the correct case postpositions about 50% correctly. The dissociation in comprehending and producing the subjective and objective case postpositions found in the sentence-picture matching and sentence completion tasks implicates that the syntactic processes involved in comprehending and producing the case postpositions are distinct. In the two sentence completion tasks, it was found that the performance in producing correctly the subject case postpositions was much lower than that in the objective case postpositions. This fact provides the double dissociation in considering the previous studies(Kim, 1997; Lee, 1998). That is, Kim(1997) and Lee(1998) reported that two Broca patients showed superior performance in producing the objective cases to the performance in the subjective cases. Thus, the current and the previous studies suggest that the different case postpositions are processed differently. Also, the single dissociation in inflection for tense and aspect was found. Based on this single dissociation, it is possible that the inflections for the tense and aspect might be modular in the respects of the functional localization or information processing.
Abstract
The theories of memory have contrasted the structural view and the processing view, however there have been suggestions that two views might be integrated. The present paper reviews the research on explicit memory and implicit memory, and explains the theoretical differences between the structural view and the processing view on the explicit and implicit memories. The structural view (or the system view) assumed that explicit memory and implicit memory could reflect separate memory systems in different brain regions based on neuropsychological data. On the other hand, the processing view argued that different processing operations could result in different memory expressions, such as explicit and implicit memories. The processing view has the benefit in term of the theoretical parsimony. Recently, there have been attempts to integrate these two views on explicit memory and implicit memory. Moreover, the theoretical differences between the two views have contributed to expand memory models.
Abstract
In this paper cross-cultural similarities and differences in child and adolescent behavior problem patterns were examined by comparing the Child Behavior Checklist data collected in Korea and the U.S. The Korean CBCL data were from the clinic referred sample of 952 boys and 426 girls between the ages of 4 and 16 and the non-referred sample of 778 boys and 740 girls in the same age range recruited from schools. The U.S data were from the standardization sample for the original CBCL as reported by Achenbach & Edelbrock(1983). The results were as follows. First, comparisons of behavior problem syndromes empirically derived from factor analyses of the Korean and American CBCL revealed considerable similarities, particularly in externalizing syndromes such as Aggressive and Delinquent syndromes. There was less similarity in the pattern of internalizing syndromes such as Anxious and Depressive syndromes. Second, Korean children and adolescents compared to their American peers showed significantly lower scores on the Aggressive and Delinquent scales but significantly higher scores on internalizing scales such as Somatic Complaints, Social Problems and Attention Problems. Third, there was considerable similarity in the type of problems frequently reported by parents from the two countries, but externalizing problems were much more likely to get clinic referral in the U.S. than in Korea. The crossnational differences outlined above were discussed in terms of cultural differences in childrearing practices, criteria for judgment of behavioral deviance, and beliefs and attitudes about mental health problems.
Abstract
This research was in part done while the author worked at International Bank of Research and Development. This Research was supported by grants given to the author from U. S. Department of Education, the U. S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National Center for Educational Statistics, and the American Educational Research Association under Grant #RED-9452861. Opinions reflect those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the affiliated institutions. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the annual conference of American Educational Research Association, April16-19, 1999, Western Psychological Association, April 29-May 2, and American Society of Addiction Medicine, November 7-9, 1998. In this paper adolescent smoking behavior is investigated with the latent growth curve methodology, which have been proposed to adequately depict change or growth. The approach was used for the estimation of growth profiles represented by the parameters of initial status and the rate of growth. A longitudinal data set obtained from a smoking behavior prevention program for adolescents was used in this study. Hypotheses concerning the form of growth in adolescent cigarette use, individual differences in the trajectory over time, and background variables influencing growth were tested. The analyses demonstrated that the quadratic growth curve was appropriate for modeling developmental process of adolescent smoking behavior. The schools that implemented the health education program showed a smaller rate of increase in smoking behavior.