바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

Korean Journal of Psychology: General

  • KOREAN
  • P-ISSN1229-067X
  • E-ISSN2734-1127
  • KCI

Development and Standardization of theElderly Verbal Learning Test

Korean Journal of Psychology: General / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2006, v.25 no.1, pp.141-173




Abstract

The present study purported to develop a word-list learning test for the elderly Koreans and examine its reliability and validity as a memory assessment tool. The word list of the Elderly Verbal Learning Test (EVLT) consists of nine items from three categories (animal, fruit, household electronics) that are familiar to elderly Koreans. The words were selected based on familiarity, facility of pronunciation, and mental imagery. To examine the validity of the test, EVLT was administerd to 273 normal elderly participants who were over 55 years of age and 25 patients diagnosed with the probable dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). The convergent and discriminant validities were supported by the significant correlation of the EVLT measures with the Memory subtest of the K-DRS and the Story Recall Test, but not with the visuospatial measures, such as the Visuospatial Span and the Construction score of the K-DRS. Factor analysis revealed six factors, which is likely to reflect the memory structure in general population as well as the memory characteristics unique to Korean elders. Discriminant analysis identified significant EVLT measures, which classified 97.3% of the patients with Alzheimer's disease correctly. Interestingly compared with the U.S. adult populations with little educational variance, education proved to be a significant factor in EVLT performance in the elderly Koreans in addition to age and gender. In summary, EVLT appears to be a valid tool for assessing the memory of elderly Koreans, which could assist in effective dementia evaluation.

keywords
memory, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, AVLT, CVLT, 기억, 치매, 알츠하이머성 질환, AVLT, CVLT한국심리학회지: 일반- 142 -최근 우리 사회가 빠른 속도로 노령화 사회에 접어들면서 대표적인 노인 행동 질환인 치매에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다 . 치매는 다차원 적 인 인 지 기 능 손 상 으 로 적 어 도 두 가 지 이상의 기능 손상이 인지 및 행동 영역에서 관찰되고 이 손상이 후천적이고, 지속적으로 관찰되는 증후군으로 정의된다(APA, 1994). 기억 장애가 흔히 관찰되지만 이 이

Reference

1.

(2003) 한국 아동용 언어기억검사(Seoul Verbal Learning Test-Children's version)의 제작과 표준화 연구,

2.

(2001) 단순 Rey 도형 검사의 표준화 및 타당화 연구,

3.

(1994) 한국판 캘리포니아 언어학습검사 제작을 위한 타당도 연구,

4.

(1997) 한국판 캘리포니아 언어학습검사 의 표준화 연구,

5.

(1999) Korean- alifornia Verbal Learning Test^성인용, 도서출판 특수교육

6.

(1999) Rey-Kim 기억 검사: 해설서, 도서출판 신경심리

7.

(2000) 한국판 보스톤 이름대기 검사의 단축형에 대한 노인 규준 연구,

8.

(2000) 노년기 치매와 우울증의 유병률 및 위험인자,

9.

(1998) 연세 말뭉치 1-9를 대상으로 한 현대 한국어의 어휘빈도,

10.

(2006) 한국 노인의 숫자폭 및 시공간폭 검사 표준화 연구,

11.

(2004) 노인용 이야기 회상 검사의 표준화 연구,

12.

(2001) 노인인지행동 인터뷰를 통한 임상 전 치매 환자 감별,

13.

(1999) 노인용 언어 학습 검사(EVLT)의 규준 연구의 규준 연구,

14.

(1998) 한국판 치매 평가 Korean- Dementia Rating Scale,

15.

(1997) 한국보건사회연구원 치매관리 Mapping 개발연구,

16.

(1992) The assessment of memory disorders in patients with Alzheimer's disease Neuropsychology of Memory, Guilford Press

17.

(1995) Handbook of memory disorders,

18.

(2000) Comparison of the serial position effect in very mild Alzheimer's disease and amnesia associated with electroconvulsive therapy Journal of International Neuropsycological Society,

19.

(1994) Preclinical cognitive markers of dementia of the Alzheimer Type,

20.

(2004) Metacognition and false recognition in patients with frontal lobe lesions, the distinctiveness heuristic in press

21.

(1987) A comparison of amnesic and demented patients Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology,

22.

(1997) Word-list forgetting in young and elderly subjects evidence for age-related decline in transferring infformation from transitory to permanent memory condition,

23.

(2004) Recognition memory for studied words is determined by cortical activation differences at encoding but not during retrieval,

24.

(2005) and education in dementia evaluation Presented at the International Neuropsychological Society Meeting,

25.

(2005) Medial temporal lobe volume of nondemented elderly individuals with poor cognitive functions Neurobiology of Aging Online since October 10,

26.

(1991) A cognitive battery for dementia development and measurement characteristics,

27.

(1977) Age differences in human memory Handbook of the psychology of aging,

28.

(1981) Encoding and retrieval effects in human memory,

29.

(1995) Episodic memory function in advanced aging and early Alzheimer's disease Journal of International Neuropsychological Society,

30.

(2002) Error analysis of the Nine-Word California Verbal Learning Test among older adults with and without dementia,

31.

(1988) Integrating clinical assessment with cognitive neuroscience Construct validation of the California Verbal Learning Test Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,

32.

(2003) The myth of testing construct validity using factor analysis or correlations with normal or mixed clinical populations Lessons from memory assessment ,

33.

(199119-26) Profiles of demented and amnesic patients on the California Verbal Learning Test Implications for the assessment of memory disorders A Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology,

34.

(2005) Recall discriminality: Utility of a new CVLT-II measure in the differential diagnosis of dementia,

35.

(2001) Practive effects, test-retest stability, and dual baseline assessments with the California Verbal Learning Test in an HIV sample,

36.

(1995) The California Verbal Learning Test:Psychometric Characteristics and Clinical Application,

37.

(1997) Variable memory profiles in Parkinson's disease ,

38.

(2003) Distinct serial position profiles and neuropsychological measures differentiate late life depression from normal and Alzheimer's disease,

39.

(1999) Memory: Systems, process, or function?, Oxford University Press

40.

(2001) Evidence that age-associated memory impairment is not a normal variant of aging,

41.

(1993) Similarities and differences in memory deficits in patients with primary dementia and depression-related cognitive dysfunction Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience,

42.

(1993) Temporal lobe regions on magnetic resonance imaging identify patients with early Alzheimer's disease Archives of Neurology,

43.

(1999) Normative study of the Korean-California Verbal Learning Test,

44.

(2003) The prevalence of dementia in a metropolitan city of South Korea ,

45.

(1988) Verbal memory errors in Alzheimer's and Huntington's dementias,

46.

(1989) Differentiation of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease patients on the basis of verbal learning characteristics,

47.

(1998) Volumes of medial temporal lobe structures in patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment and in healthy controls,

48.

Imagery neurons in the human brain,

49.

(2001) Comparison of the Hopkins Verbal Llearning Test-revised to the California verbal learning test in Alzheimer's disease,

50.

(2003) Longitudinal changes in verbal memory in older adults distinguishing the effects of age from repeat testing,

51.

(2002) The prevalence of dementia in older people in an urban population of Korea ,

52.

(1995) Neuropsychological Assessment, Oxford University Press

53.

(1996a) A nine-word dementia version of the California Verbal Learning Test,

54.

(1996b) Further analysis of clock drawings among demented and nondemented older subjects ,

55.

(2001) Neuropsychological profile associated with subcortical white matter alterations and Parkinson's disease-Implications for the diagnosis of dementia ,

56.

(1992) The subcortical dysfunction model of memory defeicits in depression Neuropsychological validation in a subgroup of patients Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology,

57.

(1993) Serial position effects in Huntington's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease,

58.

(1984) Clnical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspies of the Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease,

59.

The Geriatric Evaluation of Mental Status, Unpublished manuscript

60.

(1996) The Boston Process Approach to Neuropsychological Assessment Neuropsychological Assessment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders,

61.

(1988) Neuropsychological characteristics of early Alzheimer's disease Current research in Alzheimer therapy Ⅱ,

62.

(2005) Construct validity of the California Verbal Learning Test-Children's Version(CVLT-C) after pediatric traumatic brain injury,

63.

(2000) Demographically cerrected norms for the California Verbal Learning Test ,

64.

(1997a) Test-retest stability of the California verbal learning test in older persons,

65.

(1997b) California Verbal Learning Test:Normative data for the elderly ,

66.

(1995) The neuropsychological pattern of corticobasal degeneration comparison with progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease,

67.

(1985) Differences in human memory with aging Handbook of the psychology of aging,

68.

(1987) The California Verbal Learning Test:Performance of normal adults aged 55-91,

69.

(1964) L'examen clinique en psychologie, Presses Universitaires de France

70.

(2004) Immediate and delayed recall of visually presented sentences:evidences for the involvement of phonological information,

71.

(1991) Mediation of adult age differences in cognition by reductions in working memory and speed of processing,

72.

(1997) Some cautions on interpreting Qualitative Indices for Word-List Leraning Tests,

73.

(199118-25) The clinical validity of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale in staging Alzheimer's dementia Journal of Geriatric,

74.

(2000) Is it the ideal cognitive screening test? ,

75.

(1999) Performance on the California Verbal Learning Test after traumatic brain injury,

76.

(1999) Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the CVLT ,

77.

(1998) Quantitative evidence for neuroanatomic and neuropsychological markers in dementia of the Alzheimer's type,

Korean Journal of Psychology: General