바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

ACOMS+ 및 학술지 리포지터리 설명회

  • 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI) 서울분원 대회의실(별관 3층)
  • 2024년 07월 03일(수) 13:30
 

logo

사회불안 경향성자의 위협자극에 대한 주의편향의 시간과정

Time-course of attentional bias for threatening stimulus in anxiety-prone individual

한국심리학회지: 일반 / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2007, v.26 no.2, pp.207-223
신미연 (마음과마음 식이장애 클리닉)
현명호 (중앙대학교)
  • 다운로드 수
  • 조회수

초록

본 연구는 불안 수준이 높은 사람의 인지적 특징 중 하나인 선택적 주의 편향이 시간에 따라 어떠한 양상으로 변하는지 확인하고자 하였다. 불안수준이 높고 낮은 사람을 대상으로 정서적 단어에 대한 주의 편향의 시간과정을 연구하기 위해 수정된 탐침과제를 사용하였다. 단어 쌍은 불안의 주의 편향 특징을 살펴보기 위해 500ms와 1250ms 간격을 두고 제시하였다. 그 결과, 사회 불안이 높은 사람이 사회 위협단어에 경계를 나타내는 주의편향이 나타나고 이어서 모든 정서적 단어에 회피를 보였다. 반면에, 사회 불안이 낮은 사람은 주의 편향이 나타나지 않았다. 위의 결과를 종합하면, 불안 수준이 높은 사람은 자신의 불안과 관계있는 특정한 위협자극에 대하여 선택적인 주의편향을 보인다. 따라서 그들은 일반인과 동일한 상황에 노출되더라도 일반인보다 더 많은 위협자극을 더 빨리 탐지하고 의식하며, 이로 인해 그들의 불안 및 각성 수준이 더 높아짐을 시사한다. 더욱이 이러한 선택적 편향은 단어제시시간이 길 때 회피 반응을 나타내었다. 회피반응은 위협자극으로부터 개인을 안전하게 해 주는 것이 아니라 오히려 불안을 증가시킨다. 이러한 회피반응은 위협적인 자극뿐만 아니라 위협적이지 않은 자극까지도 회피하게 되는 부적응적 전략을 사용함을 시사한다.

keywords
사회 불안, 주의편향, 경계, 회피, social anxiety, attentional bias, vigilance, avoidance

Abstract

The purpose of present study is to examine the time-course of attentional biases(the one of cognitive characteristics of high-anxious individuals) in highly anxious individuals. A modified version of the probe detection task was used to investigate the time course of attentional bias for emotional words in high and low socially anxious individuals. Word pairs were presented two exposure durations, 500 and 1250msec, in order to investigate the characteristics of attentional bias in anxiety. There was evidence of an attentional bias favouring initial vigilance towards social threat words and subsequent avoidance of all emotional words in high socially anxious individuals. In contrast, low socially anxious individuals did not exhibit an attentional preference. Finally, individuals with high anxiety show an attentional bias for their anxiety relevant to threat stimuli(selectively attend to threatening material that is specifically relevant to their anxiety.). If they are exposed with people at the same situation, they will show more detection and awareness than the people. It means that their arousal is elevated. Besides, these attentional bias presents avoidance response in long time. The Avoidance response increases anxiety rather than safety individual from threat stimuli. These findings suggest that socially anxious individuals are likely to use maladjustive strategies which lead to avoidance not only of threat stimuli but also of non-threat stimuli.

keywords
사회 불안, 주의편향, 경계, 회피, social anxiety, attentional bias, vigilance, avoidance

참고문헌

1.

연세대학교 언어정보개발연구원 (1998). 현대 한국어의 어휘 빈도-빈도 7 이상. 연세대학교 언어정보개발연구원 내부보고서.

2.

이용호, 송종용 (1991). BDI, SDS, MMPI-D 척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도에 대한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 10, 98-113

3.

이정윤, 최정훈 (1997). 한국판 사회공포증 척도(K-SAD, K-FNE)의 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구, 한국심리학회지: 임상, 16, 254-264

4.

이정흠 (1998). 불안장애 환자의 선택적 주의 편향 특성: 내용특정성 및 전주의적 편향. 고려대학교 박사학위청구논문.

5.

Amir, N., Elias, J., Kliumpp, H., & Przeworski, A.(2003). Attentional bias to threat in social phobia: facilitated processing of threat or difficulty disengaging attention form threat? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1325-1335.

6.

Asmundson, G. & Stein, M. B. (1994). Selective processing of social threat in patientswith generalized social phobia: Evaluation using a dot-probe paradigm. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 8, 107-117.

7.

Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., Falla, S. J., & Hamilton, L. R. (1998). Attentional bias for threatening facial expressions in anxiety: manipulation of stimulus duration. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 737-753.

8.

Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., & Millar, N. H. (2000). Covert and overt orienting of attention to emotional faces in anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 14, 789-808.

9.

Bradley, B. P, Mogg, K., Millar, N., Bonham-Carter, C., Fergusson, E., Jenkins, J., & Parr, M. (1997). Attentional biases for emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion, 11, 25-42.

10.

Chen, Y. P., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., & Mansell, W. (2002). Patients with social phobia direct their attention away from faces. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 677-687.

11.

Clark,D. A., & Beck, A.T. (1989). Cognitive theory and therapy of anxiety and depression. In P.C.Kendall & D.Watson (Eds.), Anxiety and depression: Distinctive and overlapping features (pp. 379-411). San Diego: Academic Press.

12.

Cloitre, M., & Liebowizs, M. R. (1991). Memory bias in panic disorder: an investigation of the cognitive avoidance hypothesis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 15, 371-386

13.

Fox, E. (1993). Allocation of visual attention and anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 7, 207-215.

14.

Hermans, D., Vansteenwegen, D., & Eelen, P. (1999). Eye movement registration as a continuous index of attention deployment: Data from of spider anxious students. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 419-434.

15.

Kendall, P. C., & Ingram, R. E. (1989). Cognitive-behavioral perspectives: Theory and research on depression and anxiety. In P. C. Kendall & D. Watson (Eds.), Anxiety and depression: Distinctive and overlapping features (pp. 27-53). San Diego: Academic Press.

16.

Koster, E. H. W., Verschuere, B., Crombez, G., Van Damme, S. (2005). Time-course of attention for threatening pictures in high and low trait anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1087-1098.

17.

Kowler, E. (1995). Eye movements. In S. M. Kosslyn & D. N. Osheron (Eds.), Visual cognition. Cambridge, MA: MIT.

18.

MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 15-20.

19.

Mathews, A. (1990). Why worry? The cognitive function of anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 455-468.

20.

Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., de Bono, J., & Painter, M. (1997). Time course of attentional bias for threat information in non-clinical anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 297-303.

21.

Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., & Hallowell, N. (1994). Attentional bias to threat: Roles of trait anxiety, stressful events and awareness. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 841-864.

22.

Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Miles, F., & Dixon, R. (2004). Time course of attentional bias for threat scenes: Testing the vigilance-avoidance hypothesis. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 689-700.

23.

Mogg, K., Mathews, A., & Eysenck, M. (1992). Attentional bias to threat in clinical anxiety states. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 149-159.

24.

Mogg, K., Mathews, A., & Weinman, J. (1987). Memory bias in clinical anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 94-98.

25.

Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 3-25.

26.

Posner, M. I. (1988). Structures and functions of selective attention. In T. Boll, & B. Bryant (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology and brain function (pp. 173-202). Washington, DC: American.

27.

Posner, M. I., Cohen, Y., & Rafal, R. D. (1982). Neural systems control over spatial orienting. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, 2908, 187-198.

28.

Posner, M. I., Grossenbacher, P. G., & Compton, P. E. (1994). Visual attention. In M. J. Farah & G. Ratcliff (Eds.), The neuropsychology of high-level vision(pp. 217-239). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

29.

Posner, M. I., & Raichle, M. E (1994). Images of mind. New York: Freeman.

30.

Posner, M. I., Walker, J. A., Friedrich, F. J., & Rafal, R. D. (1984). Effects of parietal injury on covert orienting of attention. Journal of Neuroscience, 4, 1863-1874.

31.

Rohner, J. (2002). The time-course of visual threat processing: high trait anxious individuals eventually avert their gaze from angry faces. Cognition and Emotion, 16, 837-844.

32.

Tolin, D. F., Lohr, T. M., Lee, T. C., & Sawchuk, C. N. (1999). Visual avoidance in specific phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 63-70.

33.

Yiend, J., & Mathews, A. (2001). Anxiety and attention to threatening pictures. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A, 54, 665-681.

34.

Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 448-457.

35.

Zeitlin, S. B & MacNally, R. J (1991). Implicit and explicit memory bias for threat in post-traumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29, 451-458

한국심리학회지: 일반