바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

Korean Journal of Psychology: General

ISSN : 1229-067X

Article Contents

Prev Next
e-Submission

Vol.26 No.2

Citation Share

The relationship between experiential avoidance and avoidant responses: behavioral avoidance, concealing, & distancing

Korean Journal of Psychology: General / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2007, v.26 no.2, pp.225-243


& (2007). The relationship between experiential avoidance and avoidant responses: behavioral avoidance, concealing, & distancing. Korean Journal of Psychology: General, 26(2), 225-243.

Abstract

Three studies were performed to elaborate and validate the concept of experiential avoidance(EA). In the study 1, we classified three types of avoidant responses - concealing, distancing and behavioral avoidance, and measured depression, paranoid traits, and self-esteem in a sample of 905 university students. Among three types of avoidant responses, behavioral avoidance had highest correlation with maladjustment indexes. In study 2 using 169 university student sample, we tested which type of avoidance is most related with experiential avoidance(EA). Experiential avoidance showed correlation with behavioral avoidance, but not with concealing or distancing. Study 3 was scheduled to overcome the limitation of study 2, which is about single time measuring of concealing and distancing score. Study 3 examined the relationship between experiential avoidance and repetitive use of concealing and distancing. Through mood diary written by 42 university students, we measured the repetitiveness. The finding of study 3 was that there is positive correlation between experiential avoidance and repetitive distancing, but not between experiential avoidance and repetitive concealing. The significance and limitation of this study was discussed, and follow-up study suggested.

keywords
경험적 회피, 행동적 회피, 감추기, 거리두기, experiential avoidance, behavioral avoidance, concealing, distancing

Reference

1.

문현미 (2005). 심리적 수용 촉진 프로그램의 개발과 효과: 수용－전념 치료 모델을 중심으로. 가톨릭대학교 대학원 박사학위청구논문.

2.

이영호, 송종용(1991). BDI, SDS, MMPI-D 척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도에 대한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 10, 98-113.

3.

이정은, 조용래 (2004). 생활스트레스, 걱정에 대한 신념및 경험적 회피가 일반화된 불안 증상에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회 연차학술대회 논문집, 371-372.

4.

이훈진, 원호택 (1995). 편집성 척도(paranoid scale)의 신뢰도, 타당도 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 14, 83-94.

5.

최해연 (2000). 정서중심적 대처의 재개념화: 기능적 유사성에 근거한 대처차원의 구분. 서울대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.

6.

Abramowitz, J. S., Tolin, D. F., & Street, G. P. (2000). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression: A meta-analysis of controlled studies. Clinical Psychological Review, 21, 683-703.

7.

American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(3rd ed. Revised). Washington DC: Author.

8.

Barlow, D. H. (2000). Unraveling the mysteries of anxiety and its disorders from the perspective of emotion theory. American Psychologist, 55, 1247-1263.

9.

Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1252-1265.

10.

Beck, J. (1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. New York: Guilford.

11.

Byrne, D. (1961). The repression-sensitization scale: Rationale, reliability, and validity. Journal of Personality, 29, 334-349.

12.

Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2004). Appraisal and regulation of emotion in anxiety and mood disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1251-1263.

13.

Carver, C., & Scheier, M., (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267-283.

14.

Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (2000). Evolutionary psychology and the emotions. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions. New York: Guilford.

15.

Eifert, G. H., & Forsyth, J. P. (2005). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for anxiety disorders: A Practitioner’s treatment guide to using mindfulness, acceptance, and values-based behavior change strategies. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.

16.

Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Gruen, R. J., & DeLongis, A. (1986). Appraisal, coping, health status, and psychological symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(3), 571-579.

17.

Forsyth, J. P., Parker, J., & Finlay, C. G. (2003). Anxiety sensitivity, controllability, and experiential avoidance and their relation to drug of choice and addiction severity in a residential sample of substance abusing veterans. Addictive Behaviors, 28, 851-870.

18.

Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1993). Emotional suppression: Physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 970-986.

19.

Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1997). Hiding feelings: The acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 95-103.

20.

Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Model, process and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1-25.

21.

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford.

22.

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., et al. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record, 54, 553-578.

23.

Holahan, C., & Moos, R. (1987). Personality and contextual determinants of coping strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(5), 946-955.

24.

Karekla, M., Forsyth, J. P., & Kelly, M. M. (2004). Emotional avoidance and panicogenic responding to a biological challenge procedure. Behavior Therapy, 35, 725-746.

25.

Kashdan, T. B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J. P.,& Steger, M. F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparisons with coping and emotion regulations strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1301-1320

26.

Kring, A. M., & Bachorowski, J. (1999). Emotions and psychopathology. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 575-599.

27.

Marx, B. P., & Sloan, D. M. (2005). Peritraumatic dissociation and experiential avoidance as predictors of posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 569-583.

28.

Muraven, M., Tice, D. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (1998). Self-control as a limited resource: Regulatory depletion patterns. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 774-789.

29.

Purdon, C., & Clark, D. A. (2001). Suppression of obsession-like thoughts in nonclinical individuals: Impact on thought frequency, appraisal and mood state. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1163-1181.

30.

Richards, J. M., & Gross, J. J. (1999). Composure at any cost? The cognitive consequences of emotion suppression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1033-1044.

31.

Roemer, L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1994). Effects of suppressing thoughts about emotional material. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 467-474.

32.

Roemer, L., Salters, K., Raffa, S., & Orsillo, S. M. (2005). Fear and avoidance of internal experiences in GAD: Preliminary tests of a conceptual model. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 71-88.

33.

Roger, D., & Najarian, B. (1989). The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring emotion control. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 845-853.

34.

Roger, D., Jarvis, G., & Najarian, B. (1993). Detachment and coping: The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring coping strategies. Personality and Individual Difference, 15, 619-626.

35.

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

36.

Shanan, J., De-Nour, A. K., & Garty, I. (1976). Effects of prolonged stress on coping style in terminal and renal failure patients. Journal of Human Stress, 2(4), 19-27.

37.

Sloan, D. M. (2004). Emotion regulation in action: Emotional reactivity in experiential avoidance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 1257-1270.

38.

Spira, A. P., Zvolensky, M. J., Eifert, G. H., & Feldner, M. T. (2004). Avoidance-oriented coping as a predictor of anxiety-based physical stress: A test using biological challenge. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 18, 309-323.

39.

Terry, D., & Hynes, G. (1998). Adjustment to a Low-Control Situation: Reexamination of the Role of Coping Response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1078-1092.

40.

Tull, M. T., Gratz, K. L., Salters, K., & Roemer, L. (2004). The role of experiential avoidance in posttraumatic stress symptoms and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192, 754-761.

41.

Tull, M. T., Jakupcak, M., & Roemer, L. (2003). The effects of emotional suppression and acceptance on emotional reactivity and behavioral willingness. In T. Lynch(Chair), Translational research and emotion regulation: Recent findings and new directions. Symposium presented at the 37th annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Boston, MA.

42.

Vaillants, G. E. (1977). Adaption to Life. Boston: Little, Brown.

43.

Wegner, D. M. (1994). Ironic processes of mental control. Psychological Review, 101, 34-52.

44.

Zung, W. W. K. (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 63-70.

Korean Journal of Psychology: General

e-Submission OA Policy