바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

반추초점과 분노의 관계

Relationship of Rumination focusing and Anger

한국심리학회지: 일반 / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2011, v.30 no.2, pp.397-418
이근배 (영진사이버대학교)
조현춘 (경북대학교)
  • 다운로드 수
  • 조회수

초록

본 연구에서는 반추초점과 분노의 관계를 살펴보았다. 반추초점을 원인반추와 정서반추로 구분하고 분노에서의 그 역할을 밝히기 위해 먼저 반추초점에 따른 분노의 차이를 검토하고 분노에 대한 반추초점의 경로를 분석하였다. 집단비교 결과, 원인반추가 높은 집단은 낮은 집단보다 분노기분이 높았고 분노경험도 높았다. 그러나 ‘원인반추는 높으면서 정서반추는 낮은 집단’은 ‘원인반추는 낮으면서 정서반추는 높은 집단’보다 분노기분이 낮았고 분노경험도 낮았다. 상관분석 결과, 정서반추는 원인반추에 비해 분노기분과 높은 정적 상관을 보였다. 이러한 경향은 분노경험에서도 동일하게 나타났다. 경로분석 결과, 원인반추는 분노억제를 통한 간접 경로로만 분노기분과 관련이 있었다. 정서반추는 직접 경로로도 분노기분과 관련이 있었고, 분노억제나 분노표출을 통한 간접 경로로도 분노기분과 관련이 있었다. 이러한 경향은 분노경험에서도 동일하게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과들은 반추의 초점에 따라 반추와 분노의 관계가 다르다는 것을 나타낸다. 이러한 사실은 본 연구가 분노 조절에 유익한 정보들을 제공해 주며 이러한 정보들이 분노 조절을 위한 중재에 도움을 줄 수 있음을 시사한다.

keywords
anger, rumination, anger rumination, cause-focused rumination, emotion-focused rumination, 분노, 반추, 분노반추, 원인반추, 정서반추

Abstract

The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between rumination focusing and anger. High cause-focused rumination group showed greater angry mood than low cause-focused rumination group, but ‘high cause-focused and low emotion-focused rumination group’ showed less angry mood than ‘low cause-focused and high emotion-focused rumination group’. And emotion-focused rumination showed higher positive correlation with angry mood than cause-focused rumination. Same pattern of results appeared in anger experience. The results of path analysis showed that rumination of causes was related with angry mood indirectly through anger-in. Emotion-focused rumination was related with angry mood both directly and indirectly through anger-in or anger-out. Same pattern of results appeared in anger experience. Based on the finding of the present study, it was concluded that the effect of anger rumination could be different according to subcomponents in rumination. The findings of this study may provide useful ideas of intervention for anger problem.

keywords
anger, rumination, anger rumination, cause-focused rumination, emotion-focused rumination, 분노, 반추, 분노반추, 원인반추, 정서반추

참고문헌

1.

고영인 (1994). 대학생의 분노 표현양식과 우울 및 공격성과의 관계. 부산대학교 대학원 박사학위논문.

2.

김의중 (2001). 정상 고교생 및 대학생을 대상으로 한 기분상태척도(POMS)의 신뢰도와 타당도 평가. 충북대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.

3.

서수균 (2004). 분노와 관련된 인지적 요인과 그 치료적 함의. 서울대학교 대학원 박사학위논문.

4.

서수균 (2007). 한국판 언어성 분노행동 척도의 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 26(1), 239-250.

5.

신윤희 (1996). 노인의 기분측정을 위한 도구(Profile of Mood States, POMS)의 타당화에 관한 연구. 간호학회지, 26(4). 743-758.

6.

윤재량 (1993). 운동강도에 따른 달리기 운동이 호르몬 반응 및 무드 변화에 미치는 영향. 서울대학교 대학원 박사학위논문.

7.

이근배, 조현춘 (2008). 한국판 분노반추척도의 타당화 연구. 정서․행동장애연구, 24(1), 1-22.

8.

장승민 (2000). 권력동기와 친애동기가 분노의 체험과 표현에 미치는 영향. 서울대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.

9.

전겸구 (1999). 분노에 관한 기초 연구. 재활심리연구, 61(1), 173-190.

10.

전겸구, 한덕웅, 이장호, Spielberger, C. D. (1997). 한국판 STAXI 척도 개발: 분노와 혈압. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 2(1), 60-78

11.

정연희 (2006). 공격성향자들의 정서적 특징: 부적 정서 사건에 대한 분노 반응을 중심으로. 서울대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.

12.

조현춘, 이근배 (2007). 한국판 분노행동척도의 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 19(2), 489-503.

13.

Averill, J. R. (1982). Anger and aggression: An essay on emotion. New York: Springer-Verlag.

14.

Averill, J. R. (1983). Studies on anger and aggression: Implications for theories of emotion. American Psychologist, 38(11), 1145- 1160.

15.

Beck, A. T. (2000). Prisoner of hate: The cognitive basis of anger, hostility, and violence. New York: Pernnial.

16.

Cascardi, M., Vivian, D., & Meyer, S. (1991, November). Context and attributions for marital violence in discordant couples. Poster presented at 25th Annual Convention of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, New York.

17.

Conway, M., Csank, P. A., Holm, S. L., & Blake, C. K. (2000). On assessing individual differences in rumination on sadness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 75(3), 404-425.

18.

Defenbacher, J. L., & Mckay, M. (2000). Overcoming situational and general anger. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.

19.

Deffenbacher, J. L., Huff, M. E., Lynch, R. S., Oetting, E. R., & Salvatore, N. F. (2000). Characteristics and treatment of high-anger drivers. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(1), 5-17.

20.

Deffenbacher, J. L., Lynch, R. S., Filetti, L. B., Dahlen, E. R., & Oetting, E. R. (2003). Anger, aggression, risky behavior, and crash-related outcomes in three groups of drivers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(3), 333-349.

21.

Dobash, R. E., & Dobash, R. P. (1984). The nature and antecedents of violent events. British Journal of Criminology, 24(3), 269-288.

22.

Ellis, A. E., & Tafrate, R. C. (1997). How to control your anger before it controls you. New York: Citadel Press.

23.

Frijda, N. (1986). The emotions. New York: Cambridge University Press.

24.

Fritz, H. L. (1999). The role of rumination in adjustment to a first coronary event. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 60(1-B), 0410.

25.

Gelkopf, M. (1997). Laboratory pain and styles of coping with anger. The Journal of Psychology, 131(1), 121-123.

26.

Helmers, K. F., Baker, B., O'Kelly, B., & Tobe, S. (2000). Anger expression, gender, and ambulatory blood pressure in mild, unmedicated adults with hypertension, Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 22(1), 60-64.

27.

Higgins, J. E., & Endler, N. S. (1995). Coping, life stress, and psychological and somatic distress. European Journal of Personality, 9(4), 253-270.

28.

Hunt, M. G. (1998). The only way out is through: Emotional processing and recovery after a depressing life event. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(4), 361-384.

29.

Kassinove, H., Sukhodolsky, D. G., Tsytsarev, S. V., & Solovyova, S. (1997). Self-reported anger episodes in Russia and America. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12(2), 103-324.

30.

Kassinove, H., & Tafrate, R. C. (2002). Anger management: The complete treatment guidebook for practitioners. Atascadero, CA: Impact.

31.

Kerns, R. D., Rosenberg, R., & Jacob, M. C. (1994). Anger expression and chronic pain. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 17(1), 57-67.

32.

Kolko, D. J. (1996). Clinical monitoring of treatment course in child physical abuse: Psychometric characteristics and treatment comparisons. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20(1), 23-43.

33.

Lazarus, R. S. (1990). Stress, coping, and illness. In H. S. Friedman (Ed.), Personality and Disease (pp.97-120). New York: Wiley.

34.

Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.

35.

Lyubomirsky, S., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1993). Self-perpetuating properties of dysphoric rumination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 339-349.

36.

Lyubomirsky, S., & Tkach, C. (2004). The consequences of dysphoric rumination. In C. Papageorgiou & A. Wells (Eds.), Depressive rumination: nature, theory and treatment (pp. 21-41). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

37.

Martin, L. L., & Tesser, A. (1996). Some ruminative thoughts. In R. S. Wyer Jr. (Ed.), Advances in social cognition (Vol. 9, pp.1-47). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

38.

Maxwell, J. P., Sukhodolsky, D. G., Chow, C. C. F., & Wong, C. F. C. (2005). Anger rumination in Hong Kong and Great Britain: Validation of the scale and a cross-cultural comparison. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 1147-1157.

39.

McNair, D. M., Lorr, M., & Droppleman, L. F. (1992). Profile of mood states Manual. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.

40.

National Institutes of Health (2000, May). NHLBI issues new clinical advisory on systolic blood pressure. NIH News release[On-line]. Available: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/new/press/may04-00.htm.

41.

Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 569-582.

42.

Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1996). Chewing the cud and other ruminations. In R. S. Wyer, Jr. (Ed.), Ruminative thoughts: Advances in social cognition (Vol. 9, pp.135-144). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

43.

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Jackson, B. (2001). Mediators of the gender difference in rumination. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 25(1), 37-47.

44.

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1993). Effects of rumination and distraction on naturally occurring depressed mood. Cognition and Emotion, 7(6), 561-570.

45.

Papageorgiou, C., & Wells, A. (2004). Nature, functions, and beliefs about depressive rumination. In C. Papageorgiou & A. Wells (Eds.), Depressive rumination: nature, theory and treatment (pp.3-20). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

46.

Peterson, L., Ewigman, B., & Vandiver, T. (1994). Role of parental anger in low-income women: Discipline strategy, perceptions of behavior problems, and the need for control. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 23(4), 435-443.

47.

Rodriguez, C. M., & Green, A. J. (1997). Parenting stress and anger expression as predictors of child abuse potential. Child Abuse and Neglect, 21(4), 367-377.

48.

Rusting, C. L., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1998). Regulating responses to anger: Effects of rumination and distraction on angry mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(3), 790-803.

49.

Spielberger, C. D., Krasner, S. S., & Solomon, E. P. (1988). The experience, expression, and control of anger. In M. P. Janisse (Ed.), Health psychology: Individual differences and stress. New York: Springer Verlag.

50.

Suinn, R. (2001). The terrible twos-anger and anxiety: Hazardous to your health. American Psychologist, 56(1), 27-36.

51.

Sukhodolsky, D. G., Golub, A., & Cromwell, E. N. (2001). Development and validation of the anger rumination scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(5), 689-700.

52.

Teasdale, J. D. (1999). Emotional processing, three modes of mind and the prevention of relapse in depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37(suppl. 1), S53-S77.

53.

Thomsen, D. K. (2003). Studies on the associations between rumination, negative affect and health-related measures, PhD Thesis, University of Aarhus.

54.

Thomsen, D. K. (2006). The association between rumination and negative affect: A review. Cognition and Emotion, 20(8), 1216-1235.

55.

Thomsen, D. K., Mehlsen, M. Y., Olesen, F., Hokland, M., Viidik, A., Avlund, K., & Zachariae, R. (2004). Is there an association between rumination and self-reported physical health? Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 27(3), 215-231.

56.

Trapnell, P. D., & Campbell, J. D. (1999). Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(2), 284-304.

57.

Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(3), 247-259.

58.

Watkins, E. (2004). Adaptive and maladaptive ruminative self-focus during emotional processing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(9), 1037-1052.

59.

Watkins, E., & Teasdale, J. D. (2004). Adaptive and maladaptive self-focus in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82(1), 1-8.

한국심리학회지: 일반