Attentional biases for emotional stimuli according to trait anxiety and defensiveness

본 연구의 목적은 특성불안과 방어성향이 정서적 자극에 대한 주의편향에 미치는 효과가 시간 경과에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보는 것이다. 대학생 389명을 대상으로 특성불안 척도와 사회적 바람직성 척도를 사용하여, 저불안 집단(14명), 억압자 집단(14명), 고불안 집단(14명), 방어적 고불안 집단(13명)을 선정하였다. 정서자극에 대한 주의편향을 연구하기 위하여 Posner의 공간단서과제를 사용하였다. 단서자극으로는 국제정서사진체계에서 정서가와 각성가에 따라 긍정자극, 중립자극, 부정자극을 각각 64장씩 뽑아 사용하였다. 실험결과, 300ms SOA 조건에서 억압자 집단을 제외한 저불안, 고불안, 방어적 고불안 집단에서 부정자극에 대한 주의회피가 나타났다. 특히, 고불안 집단과 방어적 고불안 집단은 부정자극 뿐만 아니라 긍정자극에 대해서도 주의를 회피하였다. 그러나 960ms SOA 조건에서는 모든 집단에서 정서가에 따른 주의편향이 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 중심으로 시사점과 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.

keywords: 특성불안, 방어성향, 정서자극, 주의편향, 공간단서과제, trait anxiety, defensiveness, emotional stimuli, attentional bias, spatial cueing task

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of trait anxiety and defensiveness and the time-course of attentional biases about emotional stimulus. 389 undergraduate students took pre-experimental test consisting of STAI-T and SDS, and four different groups were selected based on the test scores. They were low anxiety(n=14), repressor(n=14), high anxiety(n=14), and defensive-high anxiety group(n=13). We used Posner's spatial cueing task to study the attentional bias for emotional stimulus. Three different types of stimulus(aversive, neutral and pleasant pictures) were selected from IAPS so that they have different affective ratings but similar arousal level. The emotional valence of the pictures affected response times at 300ms SOA only, not at 960ms SOA. Low anxiety, high anxiety, and defensive high anxiety group showed attentional avoidance of threat at 300ms SOA. Also, high anxiety, defensive high anxiety group showed attentional avoidance of pleasure. But, repressor group did not show attentional bias according to emotional value. Based on these results, implications and limitations are discussed.

keywords: 특성불안, 방어성향, 정서자극, 주의편향, 공간단서과제, trait anxiety, defensiveness, emotional stimuli, attentional bias, spatial cueing task

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논문 상세

Vol.31 No.1

특성불안과 방어성향에 따른 정서자극에 대한 주의편향

Attentional biases for emotional stimuli according to trait anxiety and defensiveness

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 일반