바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

ACOMS+ 및 학술지 리포지터리 설명회

  • 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI) 서울분원 대회의실(별관 3층)
  • 2024년 07월 03일(수) 13:30
사전등록 바로가기
 

logo

  • ENGLISH
  • P-ISSN1229-067X
  • E-ISSN2734-1127
  • KCI

ISSN : 1229-067X

논문 상세

이전 다음
논문 투고

Vol.31 No.1

Citation Share

특성불안과 방어성향에 따른 정서자극에 대한 주의편향

Attentional biases for emotional stimuli according to trait anxiety and defensiveness

한국심리학회지: 일반 / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2012, v.31 no.1, pp.127-145
김형준 (강북삼성병원)
오수성 (전남대학교)
김형준, & 오수성. (2012). 특성불안과 방어성향에 따른 정서자극에 대한 주의편향. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 31(1), 127-145.

초록

본 연구의 목적은 특성불안과 방어성향이 정서적 자극에 대한 주의편향에 미치는 효과가 시간 경과에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보는 것이다. 대학생 389명을 대상으로 특성불안 척도와 사회적 바람직성 척도를 사용하여, 저불안 집단(14명), 억압자 집단(14명), 고불안 집단(14명), 방어적 고불안 집단(13명)을 선정하였다. 정서자극에 대한 주의편향을 연구하기 위하여 Posner의 공간단서과제를 사용하였다. 단서자극으로는 국제정서사진체계에서 정서가와 각성가에 따라 긍정자극, 중립자극, 부정자극을 각각 64장씩 뽑아 사용하였다. 실험결과, 300ms SOA 조건에서 억압자 집단을 제외한 저불안, 고불안, 방어적 고불안 집단에서 부정자극에 대한 주의회피가 나타났다. 특히, 고불안 집단과 방어적 고불안 집단은 부정자극 뿐만 아니라 긍정자극에 대해서도 주의를 회피하였다. 그러나 960ms SOA 조건에서는 모든 집단에서 정서가에 따른 주의편향이 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 중심으로 시사점과 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.

keywords
특성불안, 방어성향, 정서자극, 주의편향, 공간단서과제, trait anxiety, defensiveness, emotional stimuli, attentional bias, spatial cueing task

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of trait anxiety and defensiveness and the time-course of attentional biases about emotional stimulus. 389 undergraduate students took pre-experimental test consisting of STAI-T and SDS, and four different groups were selected based on the test scores. They were low anxiety(n=14), repressor(n=14), high anxiety(n=14), and defensive-high anxiety group(n=13). We used Posner's spatial cueing task to study the attentional bias for emotional stimulus. Three different types of stimulus(aversive, neutral and pleasant pictures) were selected from IAPS so that they have different affective ratings but similar arousal level. The emotional valence of the pictures affected response times at 300ms SOA only, not at 960ms SOA. Low anxiety, high anxiety, and defensive high anxiety group showed attentional avoidance of threat at 300ms SOA. Also, high anxiety, defensive high anxiety group showed attentional avoidance of pleasure. But, repressor group did not show attentional bias according to emotional value. Based on these results, implications and limitations are discussed.

keywords
특성불안, 방어성향, 정서자극, 주의편향, 공간단서과제, trait anxiety, defensiveness, emotional stimuli, attentional bias, spatial cueing task

참고문헌

1.

곽호완 (1996). 회귀억제효과로 본 억제적 주의과정의 기제. 한국심리학회: 실험 및 인지, 8(2), 133-145.

2.

김경미, 이도준, 양은주, 이기학 (2007). 억압적 대처 유형과 기억 억제: 특질불안의 영향. 한국심리학회: 일반, 26(2), 261-277.

3.

김은진, 현명호 (2007). 특질 불안과 억압성격이 암묵기억과 외현기억에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회: 임상, 26(1), 107-124.

4.

신미연, 현명호 (2007). 사회불안 경향성자의 위협자극에 대한 주의편향의 시간과정. 한국심리학회: 일반, 26(2), 207-223.

5.

이용승 (2000). 강박사고 억제의 역설적 효과. 서울대학교 박사학위논문.

6.

이영호, 송종용 (1991). BDI, SDS, MMPI-D 척도의 신뢰도와 타당도에 대한 연구. 한국심리학회: 임상, 10, 98-113.

7.

한덕웅, 이창호, 탁진국(1993). Spielberger 상태-특성불안검사의 표준화. 한국심리학회 ‘93연차대회 학술발표 논문집, 505-512.

8.

Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans -Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta- analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 1-24.

9.

Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorder. New York: New American Library.

10.

Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., Falla, S. J., & Hamilton, L. R. (1998). Attentional bias for threatening facial expressions in anxiety: Manipulation of stimulus duration. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 737-753.

11.

Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., Millar, N., Bonham- Carter, C., Fergusson, E., Jenkins, J., & Parr, M. (1997). Attentional Biases for emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion, 11, 25-42.

12.

Broadbent, D., & Broadbent, M. (1988). Anxiety and attentional bias: State and trait. Cognition & Emotion, 2, 165-183.

13.

Brosschot, J. F., de Ruiter, C., & Kindt, M. (1999). Processing bias in anxious subjects and repressors, measured by emotional Stroop interference and attentional allocation. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 777- 793.

14.

Cisler, J. M., & Koster, E. H. W. (2010). Mechanism of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorder: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 203-216.

15.

Clark, D. A., & Beck, A. T. (1989). Cognitive theory and thrapy of anxiety and depression. In P.C.Kendall & D.Watson (Eds.), Anxiety and depression: Distinctive and overlapping features (pp.379-411). San Diego: Academic Press.

16.

Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1964). The approval motive: Studies in evoluative dependence. New York: Wiley.

17.

Dawkins, K., & Furnham, A. (1989). The colour naming of emotional words. British Journal of Psychology, 80, 383-389.

18.

De Ruiter, C., & Brosschot, J. F. (1994). The emotional Stroop effect in anxiety: attentional bias or cognitive avoidance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 315-319.

19.

Eysenck, M. W. (1992). Anxiety: The cognitive perspective. Hove. England: Psychology Press.

20.

Eysenck, M. W. (1997). Anxiety and cognition: A unified theory. Hove: Psychology Press.

21.

Fox, E. (1993). Allocation of visual attention and anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 7, 207-215.

22.

Fox, E., Russo, R., Bowles, R., & Dutton, K. (2001). Do threatening stimuli draw or hold attention in subclinical anxiety? Journal of Experimental Psychology, General, 130, 681-700.

23.

Fox, E., Russo, R., & Dutton, K. (2002). Attentional bias for threat: Evidence for delayed disengagement from emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion, 16, 355-379.

24.

Ionannou, M. C., Mogg, K., & Bradly, B. P. (2004). Vigilance for threat: effects of anxiety and defensiveness. Personality and Individual Difference, 36, 1879-1891.

25.

Jackson, S., & Houghton, G. (1992). Basal ganglia function in the control of visuospatial attention. Technical Report, 92, Universidad de Oregon.

26.

Koster, E. H. W., Crombez, G., Verschuere, B., Damme, S. V., Wiersema, J. R. (2006). Components of attentional bias to threat in high trait anxiety: Facilitated engagement, impaired disengagement, and attentional avoidance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1757-1771.

27.

MacLeod, C., & Rutherford, E. M. (1992). Anxiety and the selective processing of emotional information: Mediating roles of awareness, trait and state variable, and personal relevance of stimulus material. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30, 479-491.

28.

MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 15-20.

29.

Mathews, A. (1990). Why worry? The cognitive function of anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 455-468.

30.

Mathews, A., & Klug, F. (1993). Emotionality and interference with colour-naming in anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 57-62.

31.

Mathews, A., & Mackintosh, B. (1998). A cognitive model of selective processing in anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 539 -560.

32.

Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2002). Induced processing biases have causal effects on anxiety. Cognition & Emotion, 16, 331-354.

33.

Martin, M., Williams, R., & Clark, D. (1991). Does anxiety lead to selective processing of threat-related information? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29, 147-160.

34.

Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P. (1998). A cognitive- motivational analysis of anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 809-848.

35.

Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Miles, F., & Dixon, R. (2004). Time course of attentional bias for threat scenes: Testing the vigilance-avoidance hypothesis. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 689-700.

36.

Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., De Bono, J., & Painter, M. (1997). Time course of attentional bias for threat information in non-clinical anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 297-303.

37.

Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Dixon, C., Fisher, S., Twelftree, H., & McWilliams, A. (2000). Trait anxiety, defensiveness and selective processing of threat: an investigation using two measures of attentional bias. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 1063-1077.

38.

Mogg, K., Mathews, A., & Wineman, J. (1987). Memory bias in clinical anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 94-98.

39.

Mogg, K., Philippot, P., & Bradley, B. (2004). Selective attention to angry faces in clinical social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 160-165.

40.

Myers, L. B., & McKenna, F. P. (1996). The colour naming of socially threatening words. Personality and Individual Differences, 20, 801- 803.

41.

Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32A, 3-25.

42.

Posner, M. I., & Cohen, Y. (1984). Components of visual orienting. In H. Bouma, & D. Bouwhuis (Eds.), Attention and performance. Vol. X, (pp.531-556). Hove, UK: Lawrence Drlbaum Associates Ltd.

43.

Richards, A., French, C. C., Johnson, W., Naparstek, J., & Williams, J. M. (1992). Effects of mood manipulation and anxiety on performance of an emotional Stroop task. British Journal of Psychology, 83, 479-491.

44.

Rohner, J. (2002). The time-course of visual threat processing: high trait anxious individuals eventually avert their gaze from angry faces. Cognition & Emotion, 16, 837-844.

45.

Speilberger, C, D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologists Press.

46.

Waters, A. M., Nitz, A B., Craske, M. G., & Johnson, C. (2007). The effects of anxiety upon attention allocation to affective stimuli. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 763-774.

47.

Weinberger, D. A. (1990). The construct validity of the repressive coping style. In J. L. Singer (Ed.). Repression and dissociation: Implications for personality theory, psychopathology and health (pp.337-386). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

48.

Weinberger, D. A., Schwarts, G. E., & Davidson, R. L. (1979). Low-anxious, High-anxious and repressive coping styles: psychometric patterns and behavioural and psychological responses to stress. Journal of Abnormal psychology, 88, 369-380.

49.

Williams, J. M. G., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychology, Psychological Bulletin, 120, 3-24.

50.

Williams, J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1988). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. Chichester. England: Wiley.

51.

Williams, J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1997). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analysis study. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 1-24.

52.

Wilson, E., & MacLeod, C. (2003). Contrasting two accounting of anxiety-linked attentional bias: selective attention to varying levels of stimulus threat intensity. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 212-218.

53.

Yiend, J., & Mathews, A. (2001). Anxiety and attention to threatening pictures. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54, 665-681.

54.

Zeitlin, S. B., & MacNally, R. J. (1991). Implicit and explicit memory bias for threat in post-traumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29, 451-458

한국심리학회지: 일반

논문 투고 OA 정책