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Korean Journal of Psychology: General

Various Perspectives of National Identification: Research Suggestions for Globalisation and Multi-cultural Society

Korean Journal of Psychology: General / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2012, v.31 no.4, pp.1231-1254


Yoshihisa Kashima (University of Melbourne)

Abstract

National identification refers to the psychological sense of belongingness to one's own nation or country. The article reviews two different approaches of national identification as psychological frameworks by which social phenomena could be understood inside and outside of Korea in the context of ongoing globalisation. The first section reviews the essentialist perspective on national identification based on different components such as genealogy, culture, law, or institutions from which people believe their nation has originated. This perspective was meaningful in the Korean context because it is one of the subjective meanings of Koreans' national identification, but was not psychologically useful to predict people's attitude towards immigrants or foreigners in many multi-cultural societies. Then, we reviewed theoretical debates and empirical findings about the functional perspective of national identification, namely patriotism and nationalism, distinguished by their effects. There is not much research on this approach in Korea even though it is a good framework to predict people's perception about immigrants or foreigners. It is noteworthy that the historical component has crucial implications with various national identifications from all three perspectives despite their different characteristics. Finally, this paper suggests that, employing both approaches, the specific features of the history and culture of Korea open the opportunities for psychologists to develop relevant theories and to help to establish a multi-cultural society in Korea.

keywords
국민정체감, 본질, 애국심, 국수주의, 역사, national identification, patriotism, nationalism, essentialism, national history

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