Various Perspectives of National Identification: Research Suggestions for Globalisation and Multi-cultural Society

국민정체감이란 사람들이 자국민이나 자기 나라에 소속감을 갖는 것을 일컫는다. 본 논문은 세계화가 진행되며 국내외에서 벌어지고 있는 사회 현상들을 이해할 수 있는 심리학적 틀로 국민정체감의 두 가지 다른 관점에 대한 연구 경향을 개관하였다. 첫째, 국민정체감의 본질을 중심에 놓고 보는 관점으로 사람들이 혈연, 문화, 법제도와 같은 여러 기원 중 어느 요인에 근거해 국민이 구성된다고 믿는가에 따라 구분된 국민정체감을 살펴보았다. 이 관점은 한국인이 일반적으로 가지는 국민정체성의 주관적 의미라는 점에서 의미가 있으나 다문화사회에서 이주민이나 외국인에 대한 태도를 그다지 잘 예측하지는 못했다. 두 번째로 국민정체감을 결과에 따라 이른바 애국심과 국수주의로 구분하는 관점에 대한 이론적 논점과 경험적 연구 경향을 개관하였다. 이 관점이 이주민이나 외국인에 대한 태도를 예측하는 데 유용함에도 불구하고 국내에서는 그리 많은 연구가 이루어지지 않고 있었다. 각 관점마다 장단점이 존재했지만 두 관점 모두에서 역사적 요소가 국민정체감에 시사하는 바가 큼을 주목할 만하다. 마지막으로 본 논문은 한국의 역사적 문화적 특수성을 감안할 때 이러한 연구 관점을 잘 운용하면 심리학 일반이 이론을 개발하고 다문화사회를 안착시키는데 도움이 될 수 있음을 제안하였다.

keywords: 국민정체감, 본질, 애국심, 국수주의, 역사, national identification, patriotism, nationalism, essentialism, national history

Abstract

National identification refers to the psychological sense of belongingness to one's own nation or country. The article reviews two different approaches of national identification as psychological frameworks by which social phenomena could be understood inside and outside of Korea in the context of ongoing globalisation. The first section reviews the essentialist perspective on national identification based on different components such as genealogy, culture, law, or institutions from which people believe their nation has originated. This perspective was meaningful in the Korean context because it is one of the subjective meanings of Koreans' national identification, but was not psychologically useful to predict people's attitude towards immigrants or foreigners in many multi-cultural societies. Then, we reviewed theoretical debates and empirical findings about the functional perspective of national identification, namely patriotism and nationalism, distinguished by their effects. There is not much research on this approach in Korea even though it is a good framework to predict people's perception about immigrants or foreigners. It is noteworthy that the historical component has crucial implications with various national identifications from all three perspectives despite their different characteristics. Finally, this paper suggests that, employing both approaches, the specific features of the history and culture of Korea open the opportunities for psychologists to develop relevant theories and to help to establish a multi-cultural society in Korea.

keywords: 국민정체감, 본질, 애국심, 국수주의, 역사, national identification, patriotism, nationalism, essentialism, national history

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Vol.31 No.4

국민정체감에 대한 여러 관점: 세계화 및 다문화사회를 위한 연구 제언

Various Perspectives of National Identification: Research Suggestions for Globalisation and Multi-cultural Society

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 일반