바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

Korean Journal of Psychology: General

Source of Meaning in Life and Efforts for Meaning on Happiness in Korean College Students and Middle-aged

Korean Journal of Psychology: General / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2013, v.32 no.3, pp.507-531


Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore the sources of meaning in life and effects of efforts for meaning on well-being among Korean college students and middle-aged. The result can be summarized as follows: First, college students reported family, friends, achievement, pleasure in daily life, and self-growth as main sources in meaning. Middle-aged reported family, physical health, mental health, and a sense of financial security as main sources in meaning. Second, the different results were reported between the group with high efforts for meaning and the group with relatively lower efforts for meaning in terms of well-being. Lastly, this study analyzed the influential elements and factors in subjective well-being and psychological well-being based on multiple regressions. This study concluded that meaning in life and efforts for meaning have a significant impact on well-being.

keywords
삶의 의미, 행복, 주관적 안녕감, 심리적 안녕감, meaning in life, happiness, subjective well-being, psychological well-being

Reference

1.

권석만 (2008). 긍정심리학. 서울: 학지사.

2.

강모성, 전영주, 손태홍 (2008). 기혼 중년남성의 직무 및 가족 스트레스와 자살구상. 한국가족관계학회지, 13(1), 105-134.

3.

곽지현 (2003). 통제전략과 주관적 안녕감간의 관계: 초년․중년․노년성인의 비교. 아주대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구 논문.

4.

김경미, 류승아, 최인철 (2011). 삶의 의미가 노년기 행복과 건강에 미치는 영향: 청년기와 노년기의 비교를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 30(2), 503-523.

5.

김경민, 한경혜 (2004). 중년기 남녀의 가족 생활사건 경험이 심리적 복지감에 미치는 영향. 한국 노년학회지, 24(3), 211-230.

6.

김명소, 김혜원, 차경호 (2001). 심리적 안녕감의 구성개념분석. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 15(2), 19-39.

7.

김명소, 김혜원, 차경호, 임지영, 한영석 (2003). 한국성인의 행복한 삶의 구성 요인 탐색 및 척도개발. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 8(2), 415-442.

8.

김명자 (1992). 중년기 연구. 서울: 교문사.

9.

김명자, 송말희 (1998). 중년기 주부의 가족관계향상을 위한 가족생활교육 요구도 분석. 대한가정학회지, 36(3), 61-75.

10.

김승권, 김유경, 조애저, 김애련, 임성은 (2009). 2009년 전국 출산력 및 가족 보건․복지 실태 조사. 한국보건사회연구원 보고서.

11.

김신정, 강경아, 방경미 (2010). 초등학교 고학년 학생이 인식하는 생명과 삶의 의미 내용 분석. 아동간호학회지, 16(4), 287-296.

12.

김애순 (1993). 중년기 위기감(3): 개방성향과 직업, 결혼, 자녀관계가 중년기 위기감에 미치는 영향. 한국노년학회지, 13(2), 1-14.

13.

김정기, 강연욱, 최명식 (1998). 대학생활 부적응 척도의 타당도 및 변별력에 관한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 3(1), 179-188.

14.

박선영, 권석만 (2012). 삶의 의미 원천, 구조의 탐색 및 다차원적 삶의 의미 척도 개발: 대학생을 중심으로. 인지행동치료, 12(2), 199-224.

15.

서동인, 정현숙 (1994). 가족생활주기에 따른 도시가족의 부부관계. 한국가족상담교육연구소 학술세미나 연구보고서, 2-38.

16.

송정아 (1996). 사회심리학적 변인에 의한 중년기 부부의 위기감 연구. 대한가정학회지, 34(1), 79-92.

17.

오은택, 오현옥 (2011). 중년기 위기감과 건강증진행위 및 생활만족의 관계. 한국체육학회지, 50(6), 325-336.

18.

원태연, 정성원 (2010). 통계 조사 분석. 서울: 한나래 출판사.

19.

윤은자, 김희정, 전미순, 권영미 (2013). 중년기의 자기효능감, 우울인지, 건강상태 및 건강증진행위의 경로분석. 한국생활환경학회지, 20(1), 10-18.

20.

이옥희, 이지연 (2012). 중년기 생성감 척도개발 및 타당화. 상담학연구, 13(2), 665-688.

21.

이연숙, 고성혜, 임정빈, 이기영, 김외숙, 조재순, 임혜경, 송혜림 (1995). 서울시 아파트 거주 중년기 가정의 생활 실태와 문제 (4): 가족관계를 중심으로. 대한가정학회지, 33(6), 163-177.

22.

이은아, 정혜정 (2007). 중년 남성의 심리적 위기감과 관련된 개인 및 가족 요인. 한국가족관계학회지, 12(2), 301-329.

23.

이종길 (1992). 사회체육활동과 생활만족의 관계. 서울대학교 대학원 박사학위 청구 논문.

24.

이현희, 김은정, 이민규 (2003). 한국판 정적 정서 및 부적 정서 척도(Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule; PANAS)의 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 22(4), 395- 946.

25.

전경숙 (2010). 한국 중년의 안녕감: 행복과 삶의 의미에 대한 척도 개발 및 집단 간 비교. 중앙대학교 대학원 박사학위 청구 논문.

26.

정병은 (2007). 세대간 지원교환의 호혜성에 관한 연구: 서울 지역 노인자료의 분석. 한국노년학회지, 27(2), 503-518.

27.

조긍호 (1999). 문화 유형에 따른 동기의 차이. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 13(2), 233- 273.

28.

조설애, 정영숙 (2008). 상황의 통제가능성에 따른 노인의 일차통제와 이차통제 사용과 정서 및 삶의 만족도 간의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 21(4), 89-107.

29.

주경례 (2006). 삶의 의미 척도의 구성: 동기적 구성요인. 부산대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구 논문.

30.

최명심 (2011). 삶의 의미 수준과 자존감, 대인관계, 사회적 지지 및 정신건강과의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 16(2), 363-377.

31.

최상진 (1992). 한국인의 통제유형. 사회과학연구, 5, 105-120.

32.

최상진, 한규석, 김기범 (2002). 한국인의 마음속에 형상화된 ‘마음’모델 구성을 위한 시론. 한국심리학회: 연차학술발표대회 논문집, 261-267.

33.

한성열, 이홍표 (1999). 개인주의-집단주의와 지각된 소외감의 관련성 연구. 한국심리학회지: 사회 문제, 2(1), 113-129.

34.

Bar-Tur, L., & Prager, E. (1996). Sources of personal meaning in a sample of yonng-old and old-old Israeli. Activities, Adaptation and Aging, 21(2), 59-74.

35.

Bar-Tur, L., Savaya, R., & Prager, E. (2001) Sources of meaning of life for young and old israeli jew and arabs. Journal of Aging Studies, 15(3), 253-269.

36.

Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Meaning of Life. New York: Guliford Press.

37.

Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.

38.

Chamberlain, K., & Zika, S. (1992). Religiosity, meaning in life, and psychological well-being. In Schumaker, J. F. (Ed.), Religion and Mental Health (pp.138-148). New York: Oxford University Press.

39.

Celso, B. G., Ebener, D. J., & Burkhead, E. J. (2003). Humor coping, health status, and life satisfaction among older adults residing in assisted living facilities. Aging and Mental Health, 7, 438-445.

40.

Collins, W. A., Maccoby, E. E., Steinberg, L., Hetherington, E. M., & Bornstein, M. H. (2000). Contemporary research on parenting: The case for nature and nurture. American Psychologist, 55, 218-232.

41.

Compton, W. C., Smith, M. L., Cornish, K. A., & Qualls, D. L. (1996). Factor structure of mental health measures. Journal of personality and social Psychology, 71(2), 406-413.

42.

Debats, D. L. (1999). Sources of meaning: An investigation of significant commitments in life. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 39, 30-57.

43.

Debats, D. L., van der Lubbe, P. M., & Wezeman, F. R. A. (1993). On the psychometric properties of the Life Regard Index(LRI): A measure of meaningful life. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 337- 345.

44.

DeVogler, K. L., & Ebersole, P. (1981). Adult's meaning in life. Psychological Reports, 49(1), 87-90.

45.

DeVogler, K. L., & Ebersole, P. (1983). Young adolescents' meaning in life. Psychological Reports, 52(2), 427-431.

46.

Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71- 75.

47.

Diener, E., Suh, E., Lucas, R., & Smith, H. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of Progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276-302.

48.

Ebersole, P. (1998). Types and depth of written life meaning. In P. T. P. Wong & P. Fry (Eds.), The human quest for meaning: A handbook of psychological research and clinical application (pp.237-259). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

49.

Ebersole, P., & DePaola, S. (1987). Mean in in life categorieso later life souples. Journal of Psychology, 121, 185-192.

50.

Edwards, M. J., & Holden, R. R. (2001). Coping, meaning in life, and suicidal manifestations: Examining gender differences. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(12), 1517-1534.

51.

Erikson, E. H. (1982). The life cycle completed: A review. New York: Norton.

52.

Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society. New York, NY: Norton.

53.

Erikson, E. H. (1959). Identity and the life cycle. New York, NY: International University Press.

54.

Frankl, V. E. (1963). Men's searching for meaning: An introduction to logotherapy. New York: Washington Square Press.

55.

Fry, P. S. (1998). Th e development of personal meaning and wisdom in adolescence: A reexamination of moderating and consolidating factors and influences. In P. T. P. Wong & P. S. Fry (Eds.), The human quest for meaning (pp.91-110). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

56.

Hatfield, E., Traupmann, J., Sprecher, S., Utne, M., & Hay, J. (1985). Equiry and intimate relations: Recent Research, in Ickes, W. (ed.) Compatible and Incompatibel Relationships. New York: Springer-Verlag.

57.

Heckhausen, J., & Krueger, J. (1993). Developmental expectations for the self and most other people: Age-grading in three functions of social comparisons. Developmental Psychology, 29(3), 539-548.

58.

Jung, C. G. (1971). Collected Works, Volume 6: Psychological Types. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

59.

Junk, V. W., Stenberg, L. A., & Anderson, C. A. (1993). Retirement planning for the sandwich generation. Journal of Home Economics, 85(1), 4-11.

60.

Kiang, L., & Fuligni, A. J. (2010). Meaning in life as a mediator of ethnic identity and adjustment among adolescents from Latin, Asian, and European American background. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 39, 1253-1264.

61.

King, L. A., Hicks, J. A., Krull, J. L., & GaisoDel, A. K. (2006). Positive affect and the experience of meaning in life, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 90, 179-196.

62.

Klinger, E. (1977). Meaning and void: Inner experience and the incentives in people's lives. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

63.

Krause, N. (2012). Meaning in life and healthy aging. In P. T. P. Wong (Ed.), The human quest for meaning (pp.409-432). Florence, Kentucky: Routledge.

64.

Krause, N. (2004). Stressors arising in highly valued roles, meaning in life, and the physical health status of older adults. The Journal of Gerontology, 59, 287-297.

65.

Lambert, N. M., Stillman, T. F., Baumeister, R. F., Fincham, F. D., Hicks, J. A., & Graham, S. M. (2010). Family as a salient source of meaning in life in young adulthood. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(5), 367-376.

66.

Lin, A. (2001). Exploring sources of life meaning among Chinese. Master's thesis. Langley, Canada: Trinity Western University.

67.

Maday, B., & Szalay, I. (1976). Psychological correlates of family socialization in the United States and Korea. In Williams, T. (Eds.), Psychological anthropology, Hague: Mounton.

68.

Maddi, S. R. (1998). Creating meaning through making decisions. In P. T. P. Wong & P. S. Fry (Eds.), The human quest for meaning: A handbook of psychological research and clinical applications (pp.3-26). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

69.

Marsh, A., Smith, L., Piek, J., & Saunders, B. (2003). The purpose in life scale: Psychometric properties for social drinkers and drinkers in alcohol treatment. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63(5), 859-871.

70.

Mascaro, N. (2006). Longitudinal analysis of the relationship of existential meaning with depression and hope. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.

71.

Nicholson, T., Higgins, W., Turner, P., James, S., Stickle, F., & Pruitt, T. (1994). The relation between meaning in life and the occurrence of drug use: A retrospective study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 8(1), 24-28.

72.

Noddings, N. (1994). An Ethics of Caring and It's Implication for Instructional Arrangement. New York: Routlede.

73.

O'Connor, K., & Chamberlain, K. (1996). Dimensions of life meaning: A qualitative investigagion at mid-life. British Journal of Psychology, 87, 461-477.

74.

Peng, Y., & Lachman, M. E. (1993). Primary and secondary control: Age and cultural differences. Paper presented at the 101st Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Toronro, Canada.

75.

Peterson, C., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction: The full life versus empty life. Journal of Happiness Studies. 6, 25-41.

76.

Penick, J. M., & Fallshore, M. (2005). Purpose and meaning in highly active seniors. Journal of Adultspan, 4(1), 19-35.

77.

Pinquart, M. (2002). Creating and maintaining purpose in life in old age: A meta-analysis. Aging International, 27, 90-114.

78.

Prager, E. (1996). Exploring personal meaning in an age-differentiated Australian Sample: Another look at the Sources of Meaning Profile(SOMP). Journal of Aging Studies, 10, 117-136.

79.

Prager, E. (1998). Observations of personal meaning sources for Israeli age cohorts. Aging and Mental Health, 2(2), 128-136

80.

Reker, G. T. (1997). Personal meaning, optimism and choice: Existential predictors of depression in community and institutional elderly. The Gerontologist, 37, 709-716.

81.

Reker, G. T., Peacock, E. J., & Wong, P. T. P. (1987). Meaning and purpose in life and well-being: A life-span perspective. Journal of Gerontology, 42, 44-49.

82.

Reker, G. T., & Wong, P. T. P. (1988). Aging as an individual process: Toward a therory of personal meaning. In Bitthen, J. and Bengston, V. L. (Eds), Four stages of life: A theories of aging (pp.214-246). New york: Springer.

83.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On Happiness and human potencial: A reviews of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 414-166.

84.

Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069-1081.

85.

Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1998). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 1-28.

86.

Staudinger, U. M. (2001). Life reflection: A social-cognitive analysis of life review. Review of General Psychology, 5, 148-160.

87.

Steger, M. F. (2009). Meaning in life. In S. J. Lopez (Ed.), Handbook of positive psychology (2nd edition) (pp.679-687), Oxford: Oxford University Press.

88.

Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 80-93.

89.

Taylor, S. J., & Ebersole, P. (1993). Young children's meaning in life, Psychological Reports, 73(3), 1099-1104.

90.

Thurnher, M. (1975). Continuities and discontinuities in value orientation. In M. F. Lowenthal, M. Thurnher, D. Chiriboga, & Associates (Eds.), Four stages of life (pp. 176-200). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

91.

Trent, J., & King, L. A. (2010). Predictors of rapid versus thoughtful judgements of meaning in life. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(6), 439-451.

92.

Triandis, H. C. (1989). Cross-cultural studies of individualism and collectivism. Nebraska symposium on Motivation (41-133). Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press.

93.

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1063-1070.

94.

Waterman, A. S. (1993). Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 678-691.

95.

Westerhof, G. J., Bohlmeijer, E., & Valenkamp, M. W. (2004). In search of meaning: A reminiscence program for older persons. Educational Gerontology, 30(9), 751-766.

96.

Weller, E. K. (1983). A profile of male mid-life concerns. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The University of North Carolina.

97.

Wise, G. W., & Murray, V. M. (1987). The Empty nest: The silent invasion on two front. Journal of Home Economics, 79(1), 49-53.

98.

Wong, P. T. P. (2012). The human quest for meaning: Theories, Research, and Applications. New York: Routledge.

99.

Wong, P. T. P. (1989). Personal meaning and successful aging. Canadian Psychology, 30, 516- 525.

100.

Yalom, I. D. (1980). Existential Psychotherapy. New york, NY: Basic Books.

101.

Zadro, L., Williams, K. D., & Richardson, R. (2004). How low can you go? Ostracism by a computer is sufficient to lower self-reported levels of belonging control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 560-567.

102.

Zika, S., & Chamberlain, K. (1992). On the relation between meaning in life and psychological well-being. British Journal of Psychology, 83, 133-145.

Korean Journal of Psychology: General