바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

Korean Journal of Psychology: General

  • KOREAN
  • P-ISSN1229-067X
  • E-ISSN2734-1127
  • KCI

Compensatory Brain Plasticity in Late Adulthood: A Review of Compensation Hypotheses and Interventions for Cognitive Aging

Korean Journal of Psychology: General / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2014, v.33 no.4, pp.853-873

Abstract

This study reviews recent findings of brain plasticity in late adulthood, focusing on compensation hypotheses of cognitive aging. By clarifying the extent and characteristics of brain plasticity in the aging brain, this study re-evaluates current interventions for age-related cognitive decline. The models of compensatory plasticity in the aging brain, such as brain/cognitive reserve, posterior-anterior shift in aging (PASA), hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults (HAROLD), and load-shift theory, are discussed. Based on these accounts, current interventions for cognitive aging are re-assessed for their roles in preserving cognitive functions in late adulthood. Rehabilitations that are intended to offset adverse effects of neurological aging should be conducted in accordance with the direction of compensatory adjustments in the aging brain, reducing the cost derived from the overconsumption of compensatory resources.

keywords
Age-related Cognitive Decline, Brain Plasticity, Compensatory Brain Plasticity, Cognitive Reserve, 인지 노화, 두뇌 가소성, 보상적 두뇌 가소성, 인지 리저브

Reference

1.

고선규, 권정혜 (2007). 지역 사회 노인을 위한다요인 인지 능력 향상 프로그램의 효과. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 26(3), 545-572.

2.

Ancelin, M. L., Christen, Y., & Ritchie, K. (2007). Is antioxidant therapy a viable alternative for mild cognitive impairment? Examination of the evidence. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 24(1), 1-19.

3.

Backman, L., Nyberg, L., Lindenberger, U., Li, S. C., & Farde, L. (2006). The correlative triad among aging, dopamine, and cognition:current status and future prospects. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Review, 30(6), 791-807.

4.

Baltes, P. B., Staudinger, U. M., & Lindenberger, U. (1999). Lifespan psychology: theory and application to intellectual functioning. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 471-507.

5.

Bell, H. C., Pellis, S. M., & Kolb, B. (2010). Juvenile peer play experience and the development of the orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices. Behavioural Brain Research, 207(1), 7-13.

6.

Belleville, S. (2008). Cognitive training for persons with mild cognitive impairment. International Psychogeriatrics, 20(1), 57-66.

7.

Berry, A. S., Zanto, T. P., Clapp, W. C., Hardy, J. L., Delahunt, P. B., Mahncke, H. W., et al. (2010). The influence of perceptual training on working memory in older adults. PLoS One, 5(7), e11537.

8.

Brehmer, Y., Li, S. C., Muller, V., von Oertzen, T., & Lindenberger, U. (2007). Memory plasticity across the life span: uncovering children's latent potential. Developmental Psychology, 43(2), 465-478.

9.

Buckner, R. L. (2004). Memory and executive function in aging and AD: multiple factors that cause decline and reserve factors that compensate. Neuron, 44(1), 195-208.

10.

Cabeza, R. (2002). Hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults: the HAROLD model. Psychology and Aging, 17(1), 85-100.

11.

Cabeza, R., Anderson, N. D., Locantore, J. K., & McIntosh, A. R. (2002). Aging gracefully:compensatory brain activity in high-performing older adults. Neuroimage, 17(3), 1394-1402.

12.

Cabeza, R., Daselaar, S. M., Dolcos, F., Prince, S. E., Budde, M., & Nyberg, L. (2004). Task-independent and task-specific age effects on brain activity during working memory, visual attention and episodic retrieval. Cerebral Cortex, 14(4), 364-375.

13.

Cabeza, R., Grady, C. L., Nyberg, L., McIntosh, A. R., Tulving, E., Kapur, S., et al. (1997). Age-related differences in neural activity during memory encoding and retrieval: a positron emission tomography study. The Journal of Neuroscience, 17(1), 391-400.

14.

Cappell, K., Gmeindl, L., & Reuter-Lorenz, P. (2010). Age differences in prefrontal recruitment during verbal working memory maintenance depend on memory load. Cortex, 46, 462-473.

15.

Colcombe, S. J., Kramer, A. F., Erickson, K. I., Scalf, P., McAuley, E., Cohen, N. J., et al. (2004). Cardiovascular fitness, cortical plasticity, and aging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(9), 3316-3321.

16.

Cramer, S. C., Sur, M., Dobkin, B. H., O'Brien, C., Sanger, T. D., Trojanowski, J. Q., et al. (2011). Harnessing neuroplasticity for clinical applications. Brain, 134(Pt6), 1591-1609.

17.

Davis, S. W., Dennis, N. A., Daselaar, S. M., Fleck, M. S., & Cabeza, R. (2008). Que PASA? The posterior-anterior shift in aging. Cerebral Cortex, 18(5), 1201-1209.

18.

Erickson, K. I., Voss, M. W., Prakash, R. S., Basak, C., Szabo, A., Chaddock, L., et al. (2011). Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(7), 3017-3022.

19.

Fairchild, J. K., & Scogin, F. R. (2010). Training to Enhance Adult Memory (TEAM): an investigation of the effectiveness of a memory training program with older adults. Aging and Mental Health, 14(3), 364-373.

20.

Finkel, T., & Holbrook, N. J. (2000). Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nature, 408(6809), 239-247.

21.

Grady, C. L. (2000). Functional brain imaging and age-related changes in cognition. Biological Psychology, 54(1-3), 259-281.

22.

Grady, C. L., McIntosh, A. R., & Craik, F. I. (2005). Task-related activity in prefrontal cortex and its relation to recognition memory performance in young and old adults. Neuropsychologia, 43(10), 1466-1481.

23.

Grady, C. L., McIntosh, A. R., Horwitz, B., & Rapoport, S. I. (2000). Age-related changes in the neural correlates of degraded and nondegraded face processing. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 17(1), 165-186.

24.

Grodstein, F., Chen, J., & Willett, W. C. (2003). High-dose antioxidant supplements and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77(4), 975-984.

25.

Gutchess, A. H., Welsh, R. C., Hedden, T., Bangert, A., Minear, M., Liu, L. L., et al. (2005). Aging and the neural correlates of successful picture encoding: frontal activations compensate for decreased medial-temporal activity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(1), 84-96.

26.

Hastings, E. C., & West, R. L. (2009). The relative success of a self-help and a group-based memory training program for older adults. Psychology and Aging, 24(3), 586-594.

27.

Katzman, R., Terry, R., DeTeresa, R., Brown, T., Davies, P., Fuld, P., et al. (1988). Clinical, pathological, and neurochemical changes in dementia: a subgroup with preserved mental status and numerous neocortical plaques. Annals of Neurology, 23(2), 138-144.

28.

Kim, E. Y., & Kim, K. W. (2014). A theoretical framework for cognitive and non-cognitive interventions for older adults: stimulation versus compensation. Aging and Mental Health, 18(3), 304-315.

29.

Kolb, B., Gibb, R., & Gorny, G. (2003). Experience-dependent changes in dendritic arbor and spine density in neocortex vary qualitatively with age and sex. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 79(1), 1-10.

30.

Kolb, B., Teskey, G. C., & Gibb, R. (2010). Factors influencing cerebral plasticity in the normal and injured brain. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4: 204.

31.

Landfield, P. W., Baskin, R. K., & Pitler, T. A. (1981). Brain aging correlates: retardation by hormonal-pharmacological treatments. Science, 214(4520), 581-584.

32.

Li, S., Overman, J. J., Katsman, D., Kozlov, S. V., Donnelly, C. J., Twiss, J. L., et al. (2010). An age-related sprouting transcriptome provides molecular control of axonal sprouting after stroke. Nature Neuroscience, 13(12), 1496-1504.

33.

Liu-Ambrose, T., & Donaldson, M. G. (2009). Exercise and cognition in older adults: is there a role for resistance training programmes? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(1), 25-27.

34.

Logan, J. M., Sanders, A. L., Snyder, A. Z., Morris, J. C., & Buckner, R. L. (2002). Under-recruitment and nonselective recruitment: dissociable neural mechanisms associated with aging. Neuron, 33(5), 827-840.

35.

Londos, E., Boschian, K., Linden, A., Persson, C., Minthon, L., & Lexell, J. (2008). Effects of a goal-oriented rehabilitation program in mild cognitive impairment: a pilot study. Amerian Journal of Alzheimer's Disorder and Other Dementias, 23(2), 177-183.

36.

Lustig, C., & Flegal, K. E. (2008). Targeting latent function: encouraging effective encoding for successful memory training and transfer. Psychology and Aging, 23(4), 754-764.

37.

Mahncke, H. W., Connor, B. B., Appelman, J., Ahsanuddin, O. N., Hardy, J. L., Wood, R. A., et al. (2006). Memory enhancement in healthy older adults using a brain plasticity-based training program: a randomized, controlled study. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(33), 12523-12528.

38.

Maillet, D., & Rajah, M. N. (2013). Association between prefrontal activity and volume change in prefrontal and medial temporal lobes in aging and dementia: a review. Ageing Research Reviews, 12(2), 479-489.

39.

Masaki, K. H., Losonczy, K. G., Izmirlian, G., Foley, D. J., Ross, G. W., Petrovitch, H., et al. (2000). Association of vitamin E and C supplement use with cognitive function and dementia in elderly men. Neurology, 54(6), 1265-1272.

40.

Matsuda, O., Shido, E., Hashikai, A., Shibuya, H., Kouno, M., Hara, C., et al. (2010). Short-term effect of combined drug therapy and cognitive stimulation therapy on the cognitive function of Alzheimer's disease. Psychogeriatrics, 10(4), 167-172.

41.

McNab, F., Varrone, A., Farde, L., Jucaite, A., Bystritsky, P., Forssberg, H., et al. (2009). Changes in cortical dopamine D1 receptor binding associated with cognitive training. Science, 323(5915), 800-802.

42.

Morcom, A. M., Li, J., & Rugg, M. D. (2007). Age effects of the neural correlates of episodic retrieval: Increased cortical recruitment with matched performance. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 2491-2506.

43.

Murakami, K., Shimizu, T., & Irie, K. (2011). Formation of the 42-mer Amyloid beta Radical and the Therapeutic Role of Superoxide Dismutase in Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of Amino Acids, 2011, 654207.

44.

Muscari, A., Giannoni, C., Pierpaoli, L., Berzigotti, A., Maietta, P., Foschi, E., et al. (2010). Chronic endurance exercise training prevents aging-related cognitive decline in healthy older adults: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1055-1064.

45.

Noack, H., Lovden, M., Schmiedek, F., & Lindenberger, U. (2009). Cognitive plasticity in adulthood and old age: gauging the generality of cognitive intervention effects. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 27(5), 435-453.

46.

Optale, G., Urgesi, C., Busato, V., Marin, S., Piron, L., Priftis, K., et al. (2010). Controlling memory impairment in elderly adults using virtual reality memory training: a randomized controlled pilot study. Neurorehabilitation Neural Repair, 24(4), 348-357.

47.

Park, D. C., & Reuter-Lorenz, P. (2009). The adaptive brain: aging and neurocognitive scaffolding. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 173-196.

48.

Pereira, A. C., Huddleston, D. E., Brickman, A. M., Sosunov, A. A., Hen, R., McKhann, G. M., et al. (2007). An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(13), 5638-5643.

49.

Persad, C. C., Zubieta, J. K., Love, T., Wang, H., Tkaczyk, A., & Smith, Y. R. (2009). Enhanced neuroactivation during verbal memory processing in postmenopausal women receiving short-term hormone therapy. Fertility and Sterility, 92(1), 197-204.

50.

Reinoso Suarez, F. (2000). [Cajal and neuroscience in the eve of the third millenium]. AnRAcadNacMed(Madr), 117(3), 451-463;discussion 464-457.

51.

Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., Jonides, J., Smith, E. E., Hartley, A., Miller, A., Marshuetz, C., et al. (2000). Age differences in the frontal lateralization of verbal and spatial working memory revealed by PET. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12(1), 174-187.

52.

Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., & Lustig, C. (2005). Brain aging: reorganizing discoveries about the aging mind. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15(2), 245-251.

53.

Spreng, R. N., Wojtowicz, M., & Grady, C. L. (2010). Reliable differences in brain activity between young and old adults: a quantitative meta-analysis across multiple cognitive domains. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 34(8), 1178-1194.

54.

Stern, Y. (2006). Cognitive reserve and Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 20(3Suppl2), S69-74.

55.

Stern, Y. (2012). Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurology, 11(11), 1006-1012.

56.

Stuss, D. T., Robertson, I. H., Craik, F. I., Levine, B., Alexander, M. P., Black, S., et al. (2007). Cognitive rehabilitation in the elderly: a randomized trial to evaluate a new protocol. Journal of International Neuropsychological Society, 13(1), 120-131.

57.

Unverzagt, F. W., Kasten, L., Johnson, K. E., Rebok, G. W., Marsiske, M., Koepke, K. M., et al. (2007). Effect of memory impairment on training outcomes in ACTIVE. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13(6), 953-960.

58.

Vance, D. E., Keltner, N. L., McGuinness, T., Umlauf, M. G., & Yuan, Y. Y. (2010). The future of cognitive remediation training in older adults. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 42(5), 255-264.

59.

Velanova, K., Lustig, C., Jacoby, L. L., & Buckner, R. L. (2007). Evidence for frontally mediated controlled processing differences in older adults. Cerebral Cortex, 17(5), 1033-1046.

60.

West, R. L. (1996). An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging. Psychological Bulletin, 120(2), 272-292.

61.

Winocur, G., Craik, F. I., Levine, B., Robertson, I. H., Binns, M. A., Alexander, M., et al. (2007). Cognitive rehabilitation in the elderly:overview and future directions. ournal of International Neuropsychological Society, 13(1), 166-171.

62.

Winocur, G., Palmer, H., Dawson, D., Binns, M. A., Bridges, K., & Stuss, D. T. (2007). Cognitive rehabilitation in the elderly: an evaluation of psychosocial factors. ournal of International Neuropsychological Society, 13(1), 153-165.

63.

Zarahn, E., Rakitin, B., Abela, D., Flynn, J., & Stern, Y. (2007). Age-related changes in brain activation during a delayed item recognition task. Neurobiology of Aging, 28, 784-798.

64.

Zehnder, F., Martin, M., Altgassen, M., & Clare, L. (2009). Memory training effects in old age as markers of plasticity: a meta-analysis. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 27(5), 507-520.

65.

Zelinski, E. M., Spina, L. M., Yaffe, K., Ruff, R., Kennison, R. F., Mahncke, H. W., et al. (2011). Improvement in memory with plasticity-based adaptive cognitive training:results of the 3-month follow-up. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 59(2), 258-265.

Korean Journal of Psychology: General