바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

Korean Journal of Psychology: General

New Directions for Depression Studies: Introduction of Behavioral Science Approach

Korean Journal of Psychology: General / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2017, v.36 no.3, pp.293-323
https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2017.09.36.3.293







Abstract

The purpose of this study is to propose new directions for depression research. We regarded depression as a behavioral scientific concept and presented new research directions in three ways. As Salman(1995) mentioned, depression is defined as a state of unhappy mood and avoidance of doing behaviors. From the behavioral science point of view, depression is a quantifiable concept on a continuum from lower levels to higher levels. Based on the perspective, we proposed three new directions for research. First, it is necessary to discriminate between normal depression and dysfunctional depression(including clinical depression and subclinical depression) existing on a continuum. Second, it is desirable to reflect subtle differences among various cultures and subcultures in the depression conceptualization, because it is possible to find differences in conceptualization of depression, coping strategies, and so on depending on cultures. Lastly, we proposed that not only negative cognition and affect but also positive cognition and affect are considered in the basic conceptualization of depression, because negative cognition/affect and positive cognition/affect are independent at large. And then we discussed implications for scale development implementing the new directions, because a scale is imperative to measure depression concepts experientially in the future.

keywords
일상우울, 역기능 우울, 행동과학적 개념화, 흐린 집합, 범주화, normal depression, dysfunctional depression, behavioral scientific conceptualization, fuzzy set, categorization

Reference

1.

권정혜, 김종우, 박동건, 이민수, 민성길, 권호인 (2008). 화병척도의 개발과 타당도 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 27(1), 237-252.

2.

권호인, 김종우, 권정혜 (2008). 화병환자의MMPI-2 프로파일 특성. 한국심리학회지:여성, 13(3), 379-395.

3.

김종남 (2014). 한국문화를 반영하는 우울이론의 모형 개발. 2014년 한국심리학회 연차대회 발표논문원고. 8월 30일 이화여대. 서울: 한국심리학회.

4.

김종남, 최승원, 이순묵, 최민경 (2016). 우울척도개발 연구팀 회의록 5월 20일.

5.

남기숙 (2008). 수치심, 죄책감 경험과 대처가심리 증상에 미치는 영향. 서울대학교 대학원 박사학위 청구논문.

6.

민경준, 오세만, 박두병 (1999). 병원 불안-우울척도에 관한 표준화 연구. 신경정신의학, 38(2), 289-296.

7.

이민수 (2013). 최근 우울증의 현황 및 진단. 병원약사회지, 30(6), 505-511.

8.

이민수, 이민규 (2003). 한국 우울증 척도의 개발. 한국신경의학, 42(4), 492-506.

9.

이순묵 (2014). 문화반영적 행동과학 모형에 따른 우울척도 제안. 2014년 한국심리학회 연차대회 발표논문원고. 8월 30일 이화여자 대학교.

10.

이순묵, 김종남, 최승원, 채정민 (2015). 우울연구를 위한 행동과학적 접근. 일상우울척도 예비문항 개발보고서, 부록1. 서울:서울여대 산학협력단.

11.

이순묵, 김종남, 최삼욱, 현명호, 김수진 (2009). 도박의 정의와 범주화에 대한 개념의 명확화. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 28(1), 1-27.

12.

이주용, 김지혜 (2002). 긍정적 사고의 평가와활용: 한국판 긍정적 자동적 사고 질문지(Automatic Thought Questionnaire-Positive:ATQ-P)의 표준화 연구. 한국심리학회지:임상, 21(3), 647-664.

13.

이중훈 (1995). 한국형 자가평가 우울척도의개발. 영남의대학술지, 12(2), 292-305.

14.

정선용, 김종우, 박종훈, 김상호, 황의완, 권정혜 (2004). SCL-90-R을 이용한 화병과 주요우울장애의 비교. 동의신경정신과 학회지, 15(2), 45-51.

15.

채정민 (2014). 우울연구를 위한 문화심리학적 고찰과 방향 모색. 2014년 한국심리학회연차대회 발표논문원고. 8월 30일 이화여대. 서울: 한국심리학회.

16.

최민경, 서혜희 (2014). MMPI-II와 로샤검사에서 나타나는 신체화 장애와 홧병 장애 환자의 분노표현 양상. 한국심리치료학회지, 6(1), 75-90.

17.

최상진, 이요행 (1995). 한국인 홧병의 심리학적 개념화 시도. 1995년 한국심리학회 연차대회 학술발표논문집, 327-338.

18.

최승원 (2014). 임상적 우울증과 일반인이 생각하는 우울증. 2014년 한국심리학회 연차대회 발표논문원고. 8월 30일 이화여대. 서울: 한국심리학회.

19.

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

20.

Andrews, B., & Hunter, E. (1997). Shame, Early Abuse, and Course of Depression in a Clinical Sample: A Preliminary Study. Cognition and Emotion, 11(4), 373-381.

21.

Andrews, B., Qian, M., & Valentine, J. D. (2002). Predicting depressive symptoms with a new measure of shame: The Experience of Shame Scale. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41(1), 29-42.

22.

Arnau, R. C., Meagher, M. W., Norris, M. P., & Bramson, R. (2001). Psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with primary care medical patients. Health Psychology, 20, 112-119.

23.

Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond. (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

24.

Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York: Guilford Press.

25.

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.

26.

Brim, J. A., Witcoff, C., & Wetzel, R. D. (1982). Social network characteristics of hospitalization depressed patients. Psychological Reports, 50, 423-433.

27.

Brouwer, D., Meijer, R. R., & Zevalkink, J. (2013). On the factor structure of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: G is the key. Psychological Assessment, 25, 136-145.

28.

Buckley, T. C., Parker, J. D., & Heggie, J. (2001). A psychometric evaluation of the BDI-II in treatment seeking substance abusers. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 20, 197-204.

29.

Bühler, J., Keller, F., & Läge, D. (2012). Die Symptomstruktur des BDI-II: Kernsymptome und qualitative facetten [The symptom structure of the BDI-II: Core symptoms and qualitative facets]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie: Forschung und Praxis, 41, 231-242.

30.

Bühler, J., Keller, F., & Läge, D. (2014). Activation as an Overlooked Factor in the BDI-II: A Factor Model Based on Core Symptoms and Qualitative Aspects of Depression. Psychological Assessment. 26(3), 970-979.

31.

Burish, M. (1984). Approaches to personality inventory construction. American Psychologist, 39, 214-227.

32.

Bybee, J., & Quilles, Z. N. (1998). Guilt and mental health. In J. Bybee (Eds.), Guilt and Children(pp. 270-292). San Diego, CA:Academic Press.

33.

Cantor, N., Smith, E. E., French, R. D., & Mezzich, J. (1980). Psychiatric diagnosis as prototype categorization. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89(2), 181-193.

34.

Carlson, J. G., & Hatfield, E. (1992). Psychology of Emotion. Orlando, FL: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc.

35.

Cheung, H. N., & Power, M. J. (2012). The development of a new multidimensional depression assessment scale: Preliminary results. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 19, 170-178.

36.

Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 316-336.

37.

Cohen, A. (2008). The underlying structure of the Beck Depression Inventory: A multidimensional scaling approach. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 779-786.

38.

Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2015). Basics of Quantitative Research (4th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.

39.

Counseling and Psychological Services (2014). Depression. http://caps.gmu.edu/educationalprograms/pamphlets/CopingWithDepression.pdf 에서 2014, 5, 21 자료 얻음.

40.

Derogatis, L. R. (1994). SCL-90-R: Administration, scoring, and procedures manual. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems, Inc.

41.

Dozois, D. J., Dobson, K. S., & Ahnberg, J. L. (1998). A psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Psychological Assessment, 10, 83-89.

42.

Fontaine, J. R. J., Luyten, P., De Boeck, P., & Corveleyn, J. (2001). The test of self-conscious affect: Internal structure, differential scales and relationships with long-term affects. European Journal of Personality, 15, 449–464.

43.

Free from depression (2014). Non-clinical depression. http:www.depressionfree.com/non-clinical.html에서 2014, 8, 5 자료 얻음.

44.

Garb, H. N., Wood, J. M., & Fiedler, E. R. (2011). A comparison of three strategies for scale construction to predict a specific behavioral outcome. Assessment, 18(4), 399-411.

45.

Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 23, 56-62.

46.

Ingram, R. E., & Wisnicki, K. S. (1988). Assessment of positive automatic cognition. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(6), 898-902.

47.

Joiner, Jr., T. E., & Coyne, J. C. (1999). The interactional nature of depression: Advances in interpersonal approaches. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.

48.

Keller, F., Hautzinger, M., & Kühner, C. (2008). Zur faktoriellen Struktur des deutschsprachigen BDI-II. [Factor structure of the German Beck Depression Inventory-2nd Edition(BDI-II)]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie: Forschung and Praxis, 37, 245-254.

49.

Kim, S., Thibodeau, R., & Jorgensen, R. S. (2011). Shame, guilt, and depressive symptoms: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 137(1), 68-96.

50.

Klein, D. F., & Davis, J. M. (1969). Diagnosis ad drug treatment of psychiatric disorders. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.

51.

Kleinman, A. (1980). Patients and healers in the context of culture. Berkeley: University of California Press.

52.

Kosslyn, S. M., & Rosenberg, R. S. (2011). Introducing Psychology (4th ed.). New York:Pearson.

53.

Kraepelin, E. (1904/1968). Lectures on clinical psychiatry. New York: Hafner.

54.

Lin, K. M. (1983). Hwa-Byung: A Korean culture-bound syndrome? American Journal of Psychiatry, 140(1), 105-107.

55.

Lin, K. M., Lau J. K., Yamamoto, J., Zheung, Y. P., Kim, H. S., Cho, K. H., et al. (1992). Hwa-Byung: A community study of Korean Americans. Journal of Nerve Mental Disorders, 180(6), 386-391.

56.

Marsella, A. (1980). Depressive experience and disorder across cultures. In H. Triandis & J. Draguns, (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology, Vol. V.(Psychopathology). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

57.

Marsella, A. J., & Yamada, A. M. (2007). Culture and Psychopathology: Foundations, Issues, and Directions. In Handbook of Cultural Psychology, Kitayama, S., & Cohen, D. (Eds.), pp.797-818. NY, NY: Gulford Press.

58.

MedicineNet.com(2014). Depression. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2947 에서 2014, 5, 21 자료 얻음.

59.

Mineka, S., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1998). Comorbidity of Anxiety and unipolar mood disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 377-412.

60.

Nettle, D. (2004). Evolutionary origins of depression: a review and reformulation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 81, 91–102.

61.

Osman, A., Kopper, B. A., Barrios, F., Gutierrez, P. M., & Bagge, C. L. (2004). Reliability and validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Psychological Assessment, 16, 120-132.

62.

Petty, S. C., Sachs-Ericsson, N., & Joiner Jr., T. E. (2004). Interpersonal functioning deficits:Temporary or statble characteristics of depressed individuals? Journal of Affective Disorders, 81, 115-122.

63.

Power, M. J., & Tarsia, M. (2007). Basic and Complex Emotions in depression and Anxiety. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 14, 19-31.

64.

Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.

65.

Rende, R., & Plomin, R. (1992). Diathesis-stress models of psychopathology: A quantitative genetic perspective. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 1, 177-182.

66.

Rosch, E. (1973). On the internal structure of perceptual and semantic categories. In T. E. Moore (Ed.), Cognitive development and acquisition of language (pp.111-144). New York: Academic Press.

67.

Rosch, E. (1983). Prototype classification and logical classification: The two systems. In E. K. Scholnick (Ed.). New Trends in Conceptual Representation (pp.73-86). NJ: LEA.

68.

Salman, S. (1995). Depression: Questions you have-answers you need. Allentown, Pa: People’s Medical Society.

69.

Schwartz, R. M. (1986). The internal dialogue: On the asymmetry between positive and negative coping thoughts. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10, 591-605.

70.

Schwartz, R. M., & Garamoni, G. L. (1989). Cognitive balance and psychopathology:Evaluation of an information processing model of positive and negative states of mind. Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 271-294.

71.

Shorter, E. (2007). The doctrine of the two depressions in historical perspective. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 115(Suppl. s433), 5-13.

72.

Sloan, D. M., Marx, B. P., Bradley, M. M., Strauss, C. C., Lang, P. J., & Cuthbert, B. C. (2002). Examining the high-end specificity of the Beck Depression Inventory using an anxiety sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 719-727.

73.

Spitzer, R. L., & Wakefield, J. C. (1999). DSM-IV diagnostic criterion for clinical significance:Does it help solve the false positives problem? American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(12), 1856-1864.

74.

Steer, R. A., Ball, R., Ranieri, W. F., & Beck, A. T. (1999). Dimensions of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in clinically depressed outpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 117-128.

75.

Tangney, J. P., Wagner, P., & Gramzow, R. (1992). Proneness to shame, proneness to guilt, and psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101(3), 469-478.

76.

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Telegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070.

77.

Wikipedia (2014). Depression. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(mood)에서 2014, 5, 21자료 얻음.

78.

World Health Organization (1983). Depressive disorders in different cultures. Report of the WHO collaborative study of standardized assessment of Depressive disorders. Geneva: WHO.

79.

Youngren, M. A., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (1980). The functional relation between depression and problematic interpersonal behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89, 333-341.

80.

Zung, W. W. K. (1965). A self-rating depression scale, Archives of General psychiatry, 12, 65-70.

Korean Journal of Psychology: General