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불평등의 심리적 영향에 관한 경험 연구 개관: 경제적 불평등을 중심으로

An Empirical Review on Psychological Effects of Inequality: Focused on Economic Inequality

한국심리학회지: 일반 / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2018, v.37 no.3, pp.313-347
https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2018.09.37.3.313
김영주 (서강대학교 심리학과)
나진경 (서강대학교)
  • 다운로드 수
  • 조회수

초록

최근 30∼40년 사이에 전 세계적으로 불평등이 심각한 수준에 도달하면서 사회적 불평등 문제가 중요한 사안으로 부상하였다. 이에 발맞추어, 해외 심리학계에서는 불평등에 대한 학문적 관심이 확대되어 오고 있으며 불평등을 주제로 한 다양한 경험 연구가 시행되고 있지만,국내에서 불평등을 다룬 심리학 연구는 거의 이뤄지지 않고 있다. 한국 사회의 불평등이 심각한 수준임을 고려할 때, 불평등이 심리 과정 및 행동에 끼치는 영향을 이해하고 심도 있게 살펴보는 것은 학문적으로나 현실적으로 필요한 작업이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 불평등이 인간의 심리 과정과 행동에 끼치는 영향에 관한 연구의 중요성을 부각하고, 향후 활발한 연구 관심을 도모하고자 불평등의 심리적 영향을 다룬 경험 연구를 체계적으로 개관하였다. 먼저, 선행 연구에서 불평등을 측정한 방법을 소개하여 향후 불평등에 관한 연구를 시작하려는 연구자에게 유용한 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 다음으로는 주로 해외 경험 연구를 중심으로 불평등이 주관적 안녕감, 친사회적․반사회적 행동, 그리고 다양한 의사결정에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구들을 체계적으로 정리하였다. 마지막으로 기존 연구에서는 다루지 않은 불평등의 영향에 관한 향후 연구 과제에 대해 논의하였다.

keywords
불평등, 불평등 측정, 불평등의 영향, 사회 계층, inequality, inequality measures, consequences of inequality, social class 한국심리학회지 : 일반Korean Journal of Psychology: General 2018, Vol. 37, No. 3, 313-347 http://dx.doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2018.09.37.3.313

Abstract

Inequality has been rapidly rising throughout the world during the last 30 to 40 years and thus,problems associated with inequality have emerged as an important social issue. In line with this, there has been a growing academic interest from social scientists with diverse backgrounds. However, to our knowledge, no studies have examined the psychological effects of inequality in Korea. Given that inequality in Korea is at an alarming level, it is necessary as well as interesting to understand how inequality affects individual’s mind and behavior in Korea. Therefore, in the present article, we conducted an organized overview on psychology of inequality not only to highlight the importance of psychological impacts of inequality but also to motivate future research on related topics. More specifically, we first introduced different measurements of inequality used in previous studies to provide useful information for researchers who want to start studying inequality. Next, we reviewed empirical findings regarding the effects of inequality on psychological outcomes ranging from subjective well-being, prosocial behavior, antisocial behavior, to decision-makings. Finally, we proposed a theoretical model that may shed a new light on the literature on psychological impacts of inequality and discussed the future directions.

keywords
불평등, 불평등 측정, 불평등의 영향, 사회 계층, inequality, inequality measures, consequences of inequality, social class 한국심리학회지 : 일반Korean Journal of Psychology: General 2018, Vol. 37, No. 3, 313-347 http://dx.doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2018.09.37.3.313

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