바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

Korean Journal of Psychology: General

Developing a measure of Writing Motivational Beliefs and Attitudes for Korean college students

Korean Journal of Psychology: General / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2020, v.39 no.1, pp.117-140
https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2020.3.39.1.117


Abstract

Writing is a demanding task which requires a great deal of cognitive effort, and therefore developing the motivation to write is important in education. In the present study, we developed and validated the Writing Motivation Scale for Korean college students. Based on existing instruments that measure writer’s beliefs and attitudes, we defined six main constructs of writing motivation and generated 37 items to measure them. The Writing Motivation Scale was administered to 183 undergraduates. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the Writing Motivation Scale consisted of 24 items with four factors: Writing Self-efficacy, Writing Affect, Writing to Think, and Writing Gift. In order to explore its construct validity, 297 undergraduates completed the inventory of the refined Writing Motivation Scale and its related scales. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested an acceptable fit to a four-factor model. Writing Self-efficacy, Writing Affect and Writing to Think were negatively correlated with the sub-scales of Surface Writing Approach and showed positive correlation with those of Deep Writing Approach. Writing Gift were negatively correlated with only the External Motive of Surface Writing Approach. Lastly, implications and limitations of reported findings are discussed.

keywords
글쓰기 동기 척도, 대학생 작문, 글쓰기 자기효능감, 글쓰기 정서, 글쓰기 신념, Writing Motivation Scale, college composition, writing self-efficacy, writing affect, writing beliefs

Reference

1.

김청택 (2016). 탐색적 요인분석의 오,남용 문제와 교정. 조사연구, 17(1), 1-29.

2.

김현정 (2018). 국내 주요 대학 글쓰기 교육의목표와 내용. 리터러시연구, 9(1), 9-40.

3.

김혜연 (2015). 쓰기 과정 연구의 이론적 경향과 다원적 관점의 가능성. 작문연구, 24, 51-88.

4.

나은미 (2010). 대학 글쓰기 교육 연구 검토및 제언. 리터러시연구(1), 69-92.

5.

박미영 (2013). 성인 대상 국어 재교육의 현황과 전망 - 국립국어원 국어문화학교 운영을 중심으로. 작문연구, 19, 37-67.

6.

박영민 (2006). 중학생의 쓰기 동기에 영향을미치는 요인. 국어교육학연구, 26, 337-369.

7.

박영민 (2007). 인문계 고등학생의 쓰기 동기구성 요인. 국어교육학연구, 30, 291-327.

8.

박영민 (2010). 국어교육: 쓰기 지식과 쓰기 동기가 중학생의 설명문 쓰기 능력에 미치는 영향. 새국어교육, 84, 127-152.

9.

박영민, 가은아 (2009). 특집: 중학생의 쓰기동기 수준 및 성별에 따른 쓰기 수행의차이. 국어교육학연구, 35, 241-269.

10.

박종임 (2011). 쓰기 동기와 쓰기 창의성의 상관 연구. 국어교과교육연구, 18, 249-294.

11.

박주용 (2020). 생각은 어떻게 글이 되는가. 서울: 쌤앤파커스.

12.

배상훈, 윤유진 (2012). 대학생의 글쓰기에 대한 태도 및 인식이 글쓰기 자기 효능감에미치는 영향 분석. 역량개발학습연구, 7(3), 1-19.

13.

백혜선, 방상호 (2018). 대학생의 쓰기 효능감양상 연구. 리터러시연구, 9(1), 101-126.

14.

송정윤, 김경환 (2016). 초․중․고등학생의 글쓰기 어려움에 대한 인식 연구. 청람어문교육, 57, 97-131.

15.

안상희 (2017). 대학 신입생 필자의 리포트 쓰기수행 연구. 고려대학교 대학원 박사학위청구논문.

16.

윤초희, 이성흠 (2012). 대학생의 글쓰기 태도구성요인 및 쓰기 수행과의 관계 탐색. 아시아교육연구, 13(3), 61-86.

17.

이순묵, 윤창영, 이민형, 정선호 (2016). 탐색적요인분석: 어떻게 달라지나?. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 35(1), 217-255.

18.

이인영 (2014). 루브릭이 학술적 글쓰기의 쓰기 효능감에 미치는 효과. 비평문학(51), 161-187.

19.

이형래 (2007). 직장에서 요구되는 국어능력에관한 조사 연구. 국어교육, 122, 85-115.

20.

임경민, 김수영 (2019). 요인분석에서 목표회전의 적용 가능성 탐색. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 38(3), 377-400.

21.

장봉기 (2014). 외국 검사도구의 번역 및 타당화 과정에 대한 비판적 검토 - 국어과 정의적 영역의 검사도구를 중심으로. 국어교육학연구, 49(1), 558-584.

22.

장승민 (2015). 리커트 척도 개발을 위한 탐색적 요인분석의 사용. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34(4), 1079-1100.

23.

정희모 (2005). 대학 글쓰기 교육의 현황과 방향. 작문연구, 1, 111-136.

24.

정희모 (2015). 대학 글쓰기 교육의 목표 설정과 지식 정보화 시대의 대응. 이화어문논집, 36, 5-27.

25.

허선익 (2010). 대학생들의 쓰기 동기 구성요인 분석. 배달말, 46, 257-281.

26.

Bandura, A. (1998). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Co.

27.

Bline, D., Lowe, D. R., Meixner, W. F., Nouri,H., & Pearce, K. (2001). A Research Note on the Dimensionality of Daly and Miller’s Writing Apprehension Scale. Written Communication, 18(1), 61-79.

28.

Boscolo, P., & Hidi, S. (2007). The Multiple Meanings of Motivation to Write. In S. Hidi & P. Boscolo (Eds.), Writing and Motivation (pp. 1-14). Oxford: Elsevier.

29.

Browne, M. W. (2001). An overview of analytic rotation in exploratory factor analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 36(1), 111-150.

30.

Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods and Research, 21(2), 230-258.

31.

Bruning, R., & Horn, C. (2000). Developing Motivation to Write. Educational Psychologist, 35(1), 25-37.

32.

Bruning, R., Dempsey, M., Kauffman, D. F.,McKim, C., & Zumbrunn, S. (2013). Examining Dimensions of Self-Efficacy for Writing. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(1), 25-38.

33.

Burgoon, J. K., & Hale, J. L. (1983). A research note on the dimensions of communication reticence. Communication Quarterly, 31(3), 238-248.

34.

Daly, J. A., & Miller, M. D. (1975). The Empirical Development of an Instrument to Measure Writing Apprehension. Research in the Teaching of English, 9(3), 242-249.

35.

Dweck, C. (1999). Self-theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality, and Development. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.

36.

Galbraith, D., van Waes, L., & Torrance, M.(2007). Introduction. In M. Torrance, L. van Waes & D. Galbraith (Eds.), Writing and Cognition: Research and Applications (pp.1-10). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

37.

Graham, S., Berninger, V., & Fan, W. (2007). The structural relationship between writing attitude and writing achievement in first and third grade students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 32(3), 516-536.

38.

Hayes, J. R. (1996). A new framework for understanding cognition and affect in writing. In C. M. Levy & S. Ransdell (Eds.), The Sciences of Writing (pp. 1-27). New York:Routledge.

39.

Lavelle, E. (1993). Development and validation of an inventory to assess processes in college composition. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 63(3), 489-499.

40.

Lavelle, E. (1997). Writing style and the narrative essay. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 67(4), 475-482.

41.

Lavelle, E., & Zuercher, N. (2001). The writing approaches of university students. The International Journal of Higher Education and Educational Planning, 42(3), 373-391.

42.

Limpo, T. (2018). Development of a short measure of writing apprehension: Validity evidence and association with writing frequency, process, and performance. Learning and Instruction, 58, 115-125.

43.

MacArthur, C. A. (2016). Instruction in Evaluation and Revision. In C. A. MacArthur, S. Graham & J. Fitzgerald (Eds.), Handbook of Writing Research (pp. 272-287). New York: The Guidford Press.

44.

MacArthur, C. A., Philippakos, Z. A., & Graham,S. (2016). A Multicomponent Measure of Writing Motivation with Basic College Writers. Learning Disability Quarterly, 39(1), 31-43.

45.

Meier, S., McCarthy, P., & Schmeck, R. (1984). Validity of self-efficacy as a predictor of writing performance. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 8(2), 107-120.

46.

Neely, M. (2016). Recognizing Multiplicity and Audience across the Disciplines: Developing a Questionnaire to Assess Undergraduates’Rhetorical Writing Beliefs. The Journal of Writing Assessment, 9(2).

47.

Pajares, F. (1996). Self-efficacy beliefs in academic settings. Review of Educational Research, 66(4), 543-578.

48.

Pajares, F. (2003). Self-Efficacy Beliefs, Motivation, and Achievement in Writing: A Review of the Literature. Reading and Writing Quarterly: Overcoming Learning Difficulties, 19(2), 139-158.

49.

Pajares, F., & Johnson, M. (1996). Self‐efficacy beliefs and the writing performance of entering high school students. Psychology in the Schools, 33(2), 163-175.

50.

Pajares, F., & Valiante, G. (1999). Grade level and gender differences in the writing self beliefs of middle school students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 24(4), 390-405.

51.

Pajares, F., & Valiante, G. (2001). Gender Differences in Writing Motivation and Achievement of Middle School Students: A Function of Gender Orientation? Contemporary Educational Psychology, 26(3), 366-381.

52.

Pajares, F., Valiante, G., & Cheong, Y. F. (2007). Writing self-efficacy and its relation to gender, writing motivation, and writing competence: adevelopmental perspective. In S. Hidi & P. Boscolo (Eds.), Writing and Motivation (pp. 141-159). Oxford: Elsevier.

53.

Palmquist, M., & Young, R. (1992). The Notion of Giftedness and Student Expectations about Writing. Written Communication, 9, 137-168.

54.

Petri, H. L., & Govern, J. M. (2013). Motivation:Theory, Research, and Application(6th ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth.

55.

Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Lee, J., &Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903.

56.

Preacher, K. J., Zhang, G., Kim, C., & Mels, G.(2013). Choosing the Optimal Number of Factors in Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Model Selection Perspective. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 48(1), 28-56.

57.

Sanders-Reio, J. (2010). Investigation of the relations between domain-specific beliefs about writing, writing self-efficacy, writing apprehension, and writing performance in undergraduates (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, USA.

58.

Sanders-Reio, J., Alexander, P., Reio, T., &Newman, I. (2014). Do students’ beliefs about writing relate to their writing self-efficacy, apprehension, and performance? Learning and Instruction, 33, 1-11.

59.

Schunk, D. H. (1991). Self-Efficacy and Academic Motivation. Educational Psychologist, 26, 207-231.

60.

Shell, D. F., Murphy, C. C., & Bruning, R. H.(1989). Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy Mechanisms in Reading and Writing Achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(1), 91-100.

61.

Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A Review and Synthesis of the Measurement Invariance Literature: Suggestions, Practices, and Recommendations for Organizational Research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4-70.

62.

Zimmerman, B. J., & Bandura, A. (1994). Impact of Self-Regulatory Influences on Writing Course Attainment. American Educational Research Journal, 31(4), 845-862.

Korean Journal of Psychology: General