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인공지능과 인지과학: 기회와 도전

Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science: Opportunities and Challenges

한국심리학회지: 일반 / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2020, v.39 no.4, pp.543-569
https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2020.12.39.4.543
정혜선 (한림대학교)
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초록

인지과학과 인공지능의 연구는 모두 계산과 정보이론의 발전에 힘입어 출현하였고, 서로 밀접하게 상호작용하면서 성장하였다. 인공지능 연구의 초기 단계에 인간인지는 인공지능 연구에 영감의 원천이자 기준으로 작동하였으나 최근 들어 가속화되고 있는 인공지능의 발전은 인간과 인공지능 간의 관계에 대한 재정립을 요구하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 인지과학과 인공지능 연구가 어떻게 함께 발전하였는지를 바탕으로 두 분야 연구가 앞으로 어떠한 식으로 관계를 맺을 수 있을지 살펴보았다. 인공지능의 발달은 인지과학에 도전과 기회를 동시에 제공하고 있는데, 첫째, 인공지능의 발달은 인간 마음의 작동에 대한 이해를 심화할 수 있는 기회를 제공한다. 둘째 인공지능의 발달은 다양한 정보처리 도구의 개발을 촉진하여 이를 통해서 인간이 더 효과적으로 정보를 처리할 수 있도록 도와줄 것이다. 동시에 인공지능은 인간이 속한 정보환경을 필연적으로 변화시킬 것이고, 이는 인간의 인지 능력에도 중요한 변화를 야기할 것으로 보인다. 인공지능의 발달이 가져오는 변화와 영향의 성격이 아직 충분히 드러나지 않았지만 인공지능의 발달이 가져오는 기회를 활용하고 도전에 대처하는데 인지 연구자들의 적극적인 노력과 참여가 필요하다.

keywords
인공지능, 인간지능, 알고리듬, 지식, 학습, ITS, 연구지원, 이론개발, 인지도구, Human intelligence, artificial intelligence, algorithm, knowledge, learning, Intelligent tutoring system, research supports, theory development, cognitive tools

Abstract

Cognitive science and artificial intelligence have closely interacted with each other as they engaged in the studies of human and machine intelligence respectively. This relationship is likely to change in the near future with the rapid developments of artificial intelligence. This paper reflects on how the nature of the relationship between the two fields might change in the future. The developments of artificial intelligence presents both opportunities and challenges to cognitive science. First, the developments of artificial intelligence can lead to the deepening of our understandings of human intelligence by assisting cognitive science research. In addition, artificial intelligence can assist human intelligence by providing smart tools with which humans can perform with greater accuracy and efficiency. At the same time, artificial intelligence poses challenges to human intelligence as it is likely to change the information environments in which humans operate and alter the cognitive profiles of human intelligence. Active participation from cognitive scientists are needed in understanding and addressing these opportunities and challenges.

keywords
인공지능, 인간지능, 알고리듬, 지식, 학습, ITS, 연구지원, 이론개발, 인지도구, Human intelligence, artificial intelligence, algorithm, knowledge, learning, Intelligent tutoring system, research supports, theory development, cognitive tools

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한국심리학회지: 일반