A Study on Psychosocial Characteristics of Homeless People

본 연구는 경기도 소재 H 대학교와 수원시 다시서기 센터가 공동주최한 ‘어깨동무 인문학 과정’에 참여한 노숙인을 대상으로 양적, 질적 연구방법을 통해 심리사회적 특성을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과 첫째, 노숙인의 우울은 불안, 지각된 스트레스, 자기효능감과 유의한 상관을 보였고, 불안은 지각된 스트레스, 자기효능감, 삶의 만족도와 유의한 상관을 보였다. 지각된 스트레스는 자기효능감, 삶의 만족도와 자기효능감은 삶의 만족도와 유의한 상관을 보였다. 둘째, 노숙인의 우울, 불안, 지각된 스트레스, 노숙 기간은 삶의 만족도에 유의미한 영향력을 나타냈다. 셋째, 노숙의 원인으로 부모의 부재나 가정 내 문제, 경제적인 어려움이 가장 두드러졌다. 노숙인의 우울감은 가족 관계, 사회적 관계, 경제적 어려움으로 구분되었고, 자기 지각에서는 패배감과 좌절감이, 자신의 능력에 대해서는 무기력함, 낮은 자기효능감이 나타났다. 대인관계에서는 가족과의 불화, 사회적 관계 적응의 어려움과 친밀한 관계에서의 회피를 보였다. 넷째, 노숙인은 모래놀이상자 표상에서 집에 대한 욕구, 고향에 대한 향수, 대인관계에서 오는 고립감을 주로 표현하였다. 본 연구는 국내에서 심리학적 연구가 드문 노숙인을 대상으로 심리사회적 특성을 탐색한 점에서 의의가 있고. 본 결과가 추후 노숙인의 심리적 상태 이해와 개입 방향 설정에 사용되기를 기대한다.

keywords: homeless people, psychosocal factor, qualitative interview, sandbox assessment, 노숙인, 심리사회적 요인, 질적 인터뷰, 모래놀이상자 평가

Abstract

This study examined psychosocial characteristics of homeless people quantitatively and qualitatively who were participating in the Eokkaedongmu Humanities Program cohosted by H University in Gyeonggi Province and Dasiseogi Center of Suwon City. The findings are as follows: 1) depression of homeless people showed significant correlations with anxiety, perceived stress, and self-efficacy, and anxiety had a significant relationship with perceived stress, self-efficacy, and satisfaction with life. A significant relationship was also found between perceived stress and self-efficacy and between satisfaction with life and self-efficacy and satisfaction with life; 2) depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and period on the street had a significant effect on satisfaction with life; 3) major reasons of homelessness included absence of parents, domestic problems, and economic hardship. Depression felt by homeless people was categorized into family relationship, social relationship, and economic hardshipdepending on reasons. They felt a sense of failure and frustration in terms of self-perception, and helplessness and a low self-efficacy regarding their ability. In terms of interpersonal relationship, they had troubles with family members, felt difficulties in adapting to social relations, and evaded intimate relations; 4) they mostly expressed desire for houses, homesickness for hometown, and a sense of isolation in interpersonal relations. This study is meaningful in that the findings not only stress significance of psychosocial factors of homeless people about whom few psychological studies were conducted in Korea but also can contribute to understanding homeless people accurately and developing directions in appropriate intervention in the future.

keywords: homeless people, psychosocal factor, qualitative interview, sandbox assessment, 노숙인, 심리사회적 요인, 질적 인터뷰, 모래놀이상자 평가

참고문헌

Anderson, I. (2001). Pathways through homelessness: towards a dynamic analysis. URBAN FRONTIERS PROGRAMME UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY.

Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. Basic Books.

Broadhead-Fearn, D., & White, K. M. (2006). The role of self-efficacy in predicting rule-following behaviors in shelters for homeless youth: A test of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Social Psychology, 146(3), 307-325. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.146.3.307-325

Chekuri, L., Turturro, C. L., Mittal D., & Sullivan, G. (2013). A comparison of individual level risk factors for homelessness among older and younger adults: Findings in a homeless sample from Little Rock. American Journal of Geriatric psychiatry, 21(3), 112-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2012.12.150

Cho, K. H. (2014). Development of Sung-Kyung-Shin(誠敬信) Personality Education Program for Self-Respect Rehabilitation of the Homeless. Citizen and Humanities, 27(1), 43-75.

Cho, M. H., & Cha, K. H. (1998). An inter-country comparison of quality of life. The 48th Annual Research Report of the Asan Foundation, Jipmundang.

Cho, M. J., & Kim, K. H. (1993). Diagnostic Validity of the CES-D(Korean Version) in the Assessment of DSM-Ⅲ-R Major Depression. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 32(3), 381-399.

Choi, J. E. (2018). An analysis of the experience about returning to work of the people getting out of homelessness [Doctoral dissertation].

Choi, W. R. (2000). A study on the homeless careers [Masters dissertation]. Catholic University.

10.

Collins, S. B. (2013). From homeless teen to chronically homeless adult: A qualitative study of the impact of childhood events on adults homelessness. Critical Social Work, 14(2), 61-81. https://doi.org/10.22329/csw.v14i2.5882

11.

DeForge, V., Zehunder, S., Minick, P., & Carmon, M. (2001). Children’s perceptions of homelessness. Pediatric Nursing, 27(4), 377-383.

12.

Dunleavy, A., Kennedy, L. A., & Vaandrager, L. (2012). Wellbeing for homeless people: A Salutogenic approach. Health Promotion Inter-national, 29(1), 144-154. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/das045

13.

Goldfarb, W. (1955). Emotional and intellectual consequences of psychological deprivation in infancy: a revaluation. Psychopathology in childhood. Ed. NewYork, 145(5), 105-119.

14.

Grubbs, G. (1997). The sandplay categorical cheklist for sandplay analysis. Rubedo Publishing.

15.

Gye, H. Y. (2002). Constitutional science. Park Yeong-sa.

16.

Hong, B. S. (2009). A qualitative research on the self-support of homeless in the shelter [Doctoral dissertation]. Seoul National University of Christianity.

17.

Hong, H. Y. (1995). The Relationship of Perfectionism, Self-Efficacy and Depression (Masters dissertation). Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.

18.

Jang, M. C. (2011). Roles and Tasks of the Sub-room. Counseling Center. Urbanity & Poverty, 95(1), 8-25.

19.

Jang, S. J. (2014). The Impacts of Homelessness Experience and Social Support on the Self-efficacy of the Homeless. Korean Journal of 21st Century Social Welfare, 11(1), 5-24. https://doi.org/10.17079/jkgn.2018.20.3.177

20.

Jung, W. O. (2014). The context of homelessness and linking to mainstream social services. Ministry of Health and Welfare.

21.

Kalff, D. M. (1980). Sandplay Therapy: a psycho therapeutic approach to the psyche. Sicago Press.

22.

Kang, D. J., Koo, I. H., Kim, C. Y., Hwang, Y. I., Jeong, K. S., Shin, M. H., Kim, S. Y., Kim, E. T., Sun, S. Y., Shin H., Yoon, C. K. & Lee S. J. (2012). Homeless people in Korea: Understanding the life. Seoul National University Press Cultural Center.

23.

Kang, J. H. (2010). A Study on how the Homeless Occurred in Korea. Journal of Social Welfare Development, 16(2), 113-131.

24.

Kim, B. A. (2003). Theory and Practice of Sandplay Therapy. Hakjisa.

25.

Kim, J. T., & Shin. D. K. (1978). A study based on the standardization of the STAI for Korea. The New Medical Journal, 21(11), 69-75.

26.

Kim, K. H., & Oh. J. A. (2018). An Analysis of the Sandtray Therapy process by the Conscientizing Process: Focusing on Homeless Child. Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology. 8(10). 755-764. https://doi.org/10.21742/AJMAHS.2018.10.30

27.

Kim, M. S. (2016). An Analysis of the Effects of Self-Control and Self-Efficiency on the Self-Activity of the Homeless [Doctoral dissertation]. Baekseok University.

28.

Kim, M. R. (2008). Stressors and Coping Resources and their Effects on the Depressive Symptoms of the Homeless. Mental Health & Social Work, 28(1), 126-151. https://doi.org/10.14367/kjhep.2015.32.4.79

29.

Kim, S. Y. (2017). Homeless Risk Factors through the life courses: Focusing on the childhood adverse experiences. Korean journal of social welfare studies, 48(1), 143-171. https://doi.org/10.16999/kasws.2017.48.1.143

30.

Kim, Y. S., & Shin. S. R. (2016). The Crime Prevention Effect of Supportive Housing toward the Homeless. The. Journal of Social Science, 23(3), 153-176. https://doi.org/10.6107/JKHA.2018.29.2.019

31.

Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2009). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research(4th Ed). Thousand Oaks, Sage Publication.

32.

Ku. I. H., & Kim. S. Y. (2012). Entrance into Homelessness in Korea: Cause and Process. Korean Journal of Sociology, 46(4), 264-293. https://doi.org/10.12934/JKPMHN.2017.26.1.88

33.

Kwak. S. M. (2016). A study on understanding the educational significance and limitation of the Homeless Humanities Learning Program [Masters dissertation]. Ewha Womans University.

34.

Lee, H. S. (2008). The Residence of Homeless and Conversion of Housing Law. Public Land Law Review, 42(1), 345-364. UCI : G704-000326.2008.42.007

35.

Lee, J. E., (2005). The Effects of Self-Complexity and Self-Efficacy on Depression and Perceived Stress [Masters dissertation]. Ajou University, Gyeonggi.

36.

Lee, J. S., & Kim, Y. H. (2001). Play therapy conducted to low autonomy with child due to depression. The Journal of play therapy, 5(1), 37-55. I410-ECN-0102-2009-370-004993814

37.

Lee, K. S., Kim, G. S., Kim, Y. H., Kwon, H. S., & Choi, J. H. (2017). A qualitative study on the psychological and social characteristics of the homeless. The Korean Society for Development Psychology. A compilation of the annual academic competition papers Society of Developmental Psychology.

38.

Leslie, E. R., Natalie, M., Tracie, O, A., Laurence, Y, K., Jono Distasio., & Jitender, Sareen. (2013). Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Homelessness and the Impact of Axis Ⅰ and Ⅱ Disorders. American journal of Public Health, December 103(2), 275-281. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301323

39.

Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation, In I. Bretherton & E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points in attachment theory and research.. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(1), 66-104. https://doi.org/10.2307/3333827

40.

Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2017). Results of the 2016 survey on homeless people and future measures. Ministry of Health and Welfare.

41.

Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2018). Information on welfare programs for the homeless and others in 2018. Ministry of Health and Welfare.

42.

Nam, K. C. (2000). The Effect of the psychosocial trauma according to the homeless duration on the exit from the homeless shelter [Doctoral dissertation]. Seoul National University.

43.

Nam, K. C. (2002). Life Conditions and Social Needs of the Street Homeless People. Dongduk journal of life science studies, 7(1), 213-224.

44.

Park, Y. C., & Park, S. C. (2012). Why do suicide and depression occur? Journal of the Korean Medical Association, 55(4), 329-334. https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2012.55.4.329

45.

Patterson, A. A., & Holden, R. R. (2012). Psychache and suicide ideation among men who are homeless: a test of shneidmans model. Suicide And Life Threatening Behavior, 42(2), 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.2011.00078.x

46.

Seok, H, J. (2011). A phenomenological study on the meaning of dwelling of the homeless [Doctoral dissertation]. Sungkyunkwan University.

47.

Seong, D. K., Lee, S. C., Jang, C. Y., & Choi, I. K. (2011). Application of SPSS Easy-tounderstand statistical techniques. Daemyung.

48.

Shelton, K, H., Taylor, P, J., Bonner, A., & Van den Bree (2009). Risk Factors for Homelessness: Evidence From a Population-Based Study. Psychiatric services. 60(4), 465-472. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.60.4.465

49.

Snow, D. A., & Anderson, L. (1987). Identity Work among the Homeless: The Verbal Construction and Avowal of Personal Identities. American Journal of Sociology, 92(6), 1336-1371. https://doi.org/10.1086/228668

50.

Spitz R. (1946). Anaclitic Depression: An Inquiry into the Genesis of Psychiatric Conditions in Early Childhood, II. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 2(1), 313-342. https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.1946.11823551

51.

Tollett., H., & Thomas, P. (1995). A theory-based nursing intervention to instill hope in homeless veterans. Advanced Nursing Science, 18(2), 76-90. https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-199512000-00009

52.

Turner, B. A. (2005). The handbook of sandplay therapy. Cloverdale, CA: Temenos press.

53.

Torchalla, I., Strehlau, V., Li, K., Schuetc, C., &Krausz, M. (2012). The association between childhood maltreatment subtypes and current suicide risk among homeless men and women. Child Maltreatment, 17(2), 132-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559512439350

54.

Yoon, H. S., Han, Y. R., & Song, M. S. (2013). Health Behaviors, Health Status, and Utilization Patterns of Health Care Institutions for homeless shelter residents: Comparison of Younger and Older male residents. Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing, 27(3), 578-591. http://dx.doi.org/10.5932/JKPHN.2013.27.3.578

55.

Winkleby, M. A., & White, R. (1992). Homeless Adults Without Apparent Medical and Psychiatric Impairment: Onset of Morbidity Over Time. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 43(10), 1017-1023. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.43.10.1017

바로가기메뉴

논문 상세

Vol.39 No.4

노숙인의 심리사회적 특성에 관한 연구

A Study on Psychosocial Characteristics of Homeless People

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 일반