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- E-ISSN2733-4295
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기억의 영토화 : 세월호 기억공간 형성과정을 사례로
The territorialization of memory: the making of place of memory for Sewol Ferry accident
초록
이 연구는 ‘기억의 영토화(the territorialization of memory)’ 개념을 분석틀로삼아 세월호 기억공간 세 곳(안산 단원고 기억교실, 서울 광화문광장, 제주 기억공간)의 형성과정을 분석한다. 문헌자료 분석, 심층 면담, 현장 방문을 통해 세기억공간의 기억의 영토화 과정, 즉 1) 물질적 변환을 통한 점유, 2) 기억 영토화주체들의 점유와 갈등, 3) 슬픔 관광을 통한 영토 확장의 과정을 본다. 이 연구의결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 단원고 기억교실은 희생자들이 사용하던 교실에 생전에 쓰던 물품으로 점유하고 적극적인 슬픔관광을 통해 확대 실천을 벌였다. 세월호 기억화 주체인 기록활동가와 유가족은 학습권 담론을 주장하는 학교운영위원회와 영토싸움의 갈등을 겪고 탈영토화(de-territorialization of memory)된다. 둘째,공공공간인 서울 광화문광장의 경우, 유가족과 시민들이 직접 존재/활동하는 일시적 점유 방식으로 정치적 영토화가 일어났다. 공공공간의 점유를 비판하는 보수단체, 이 공간을 관리하면서 영토화를 간접 지원했던 서울시 정부, 집단행동에무력으로 대응을 한 중앙정부도 서서히 주체로 나타났다. 셋째, 제주도 기억공간은 세월호 기억이 대안적 영토로 옮겨 영토화하는 재영토화(re-territorialization ofmemory)의 사례이다. 세월호의 목적지이면서 대안적 삶을 상징하는 제주에서 제주 문화이주자 네트워크, 희생자 네트워크, 관광객에 의지한 느슨한 네트워크형영토화이다. 이 논문은 기억의 공간정치에 관한 학술논의에 기여하고 초기 단계에 있는 세월호 기억공간에 관한 사회적 정책적 함의를 제시할 것이다.
- keywords
- place of memory, Sewol Ferry disaster, territorialization, de-territorialization, re-territorialization, dark tourism, 기억공간, 영토화, 탈영토화, 재영토화, 슬픔관광, 세월호, 단원고, 광화문광장, 제주, 공간정치
Abstract
This study looks at the process of place-of-memory making regarding the SewolFerry disaster through the concept of ‘the territorialization of memory.’ Based onarchival analyses, in-depth interviews, and site visits, the research investigates theformation process of memory classes in Danwon High School, Gwanghwamun Plaza,and a place of memory in Jeju. It focuses on the three aspects of the territorializationof memory, including occupancy of materialized conversion of memory, actors’ occupancyand conflicts, and the expansion of territory through dark tourism. The resultsof this study are as follows. First, the memory became territorialized through thematerials victim students used in their daily lives. Main actors such as recordingactivists and victims’ parents engaged in a discourse competition with other parentson the right to study. As a result of the conflict, the memory becamede-territorialized. Second, the Gwanghwamun Plaza represents a case of politicalterritorialization of memory through actors’ physical occupancy. Victims’ parentsand supportive citizens territorialized the memory by occupying the public space. Conservative organization members and the police sent by the national governmentattempted to dissolve the occupancy, and the Seoul government supportedthe occupancy by permitting the victims’ parents and citizens to do it. Third, thememory became re-territorialized by leaving the Korean peninsula for an alternativeplace, Jeju. The re-territorialization of memory was dependent on a network of culturalmigrants, victims of national disasters, and tourists. This research contributesto the understanding of the spatial politics of memory and suggests policy implicationson memory places associated with the Sewol Ferry accident.
- keywords
- place of memory, Sewol Ferry disaster, territorialization, de-territorialization, re-territorialization, dark tourism, 기억공간, 영토화, 탈영토화, 재영토화, 슬픔관광, 세월호, 단원고, 광화문광장, 제주, 공간정치
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