Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.17 No.1
Abstract
This paper was designed to classify the symtoms of dyslexia according to the previous word recognition model. Also, research assumptions used in the study of dyslexia within modem cognitive neuropsychology are discussed. Dyslexia is divided into the developmental and acquired dyslexia. The developmental dyslexia comes from genetic disorder, whereas the acquired dyslexia is due to brain injury. The acquired dyslexia is further divided into peripheral, which does not have a direct relationship with linguistic process, and central, which is directly associated with lexical processing. This paper mainly deals with the acquired dyslexia. The peripheral dyslexia involves the neglect, attentional, and letter-by-letter reading dyslexia, whereas the central dyslexia consists of the surface, phonological, deep, reading without meaning dyslexia. The results of the study on the peripheral and central dyslexia show that the word recognition process consists of the early perceptual processing and the central lexical processing. Furthermore, the existence of phonological, surface and deep dyslexia suggests that written words are named through dual routes: the lexical and phonological-recoding routes. In classifying and evaluating dyslexia, the cognitive neuropsychological and neurolinguistic approaches are employed. These approaches are based on the research logic and concepts, such as, single case study, modularity, dissociation and association, neurological specificity or isomorphism, and transparency. The test tools developed to evaluate dyslexia are mainly based on the off-line tasks, such as, BAE, SORT, NART, WART, COWA, BNT, PPVT, and Token Test. However, in order to examine the more detailed processing deficits in dyslexia, the online tasks based on human language information processing should be developed.
Abstract
Understanding the concept of creativity will function as a stepping stone for, first, providing tangible and intangible benefits to our society and second, enhancing our quality of life for every individual. For better understanding the concept and process of creativity, this article reviews and summarizes it by exploring the answers to the six relevant questions on the topic. At the first questions, various definitions of creativity contingent upon different approaches were provided The second question was on the personal traits of creative individuals. The developmental characteristics of creative individuals were probed at the third question. At the fourth question, reasons why creative individuals engage in their talent-related areas were discussed.. Issues on cognitive process for producing creativity were explored at the fifth question. Finally, the topic of "where is creativity" was dealt by emphasizing the importance of social and cultural context in evaluating creativity.
Abstract
A psychological approach to the law emphasizes its human determinants. Psychology assumes that characteristics of participants in the legal system affect how the system operates. The behavior of participants in the legal system is a result not only of their personal, internal qualities but also of the setting in which they operate. Psychology and Law, as a branch of applied psychology which studies individual behavior, has been energetically developed in England and the United States where common law philosophies are thriving. In those countries, research in Psychology and Law is mainly focused on four broad areas: Investigation and interrogation, criminal procedure, civil litigation, and judicial decisions. The major research topics in the four areas are summarized in this paper.
Abstract
We discussed three major conceptual problems inherent in the psychological science. Objectivism was disputed from the construal perspective. Universalism was disputed in two aspects; phenomenology and cultural historicity. Sociality in the current state of social psychology is defined as interpersonal entity and the social vacuum still needs to be filled in. Cultural psychology is a promising alternative to handle all the above problems. We reviewed the divergent perspectives of cultural psychology and categorized them into the cognition-centered approach and the activity-centered approach. A fruitful direction for psychology in Korea is proposed; the excavation of concepts from Korean mind and theory building from it is mandatory.
Abstract
In the following paper we will discuss how the construction of Cultural Psychological theories is possible. In doing so we will critically analyse various approaches concerned with the relationship between culture and psychology, particularly Wundtian Völkerpsychologie, Cross-Cultural Psychology and Schweders version of Cultural Psychology. For an alternative construction of Cultural Psychological theory, the authors suggest the method of Defamiliarisation, which is related to the logic of Abduction in the sense of Peirce. Cultural phenomena are difficult to recognise as they ritualised and automated. Through the method of Defamiliarisation, Cultural Psychology will be able to conceptually grasp cultural phenomena and categorise them. The formation of concepts of the cultural is the first step in overcoming the Euro-centric point of view which lies at the heart of academic psychology. Whereby the " Wissenschaftlichkeit" (scientific-ness) of the Cultural psychological enterprise can not be easily judged by the standards and ideology of experimental psychology or quantitative methodology. The scientific integrity of psychological theories is themselves are a product of the cultural historical construction process.
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of involuntary job loss on the unemployed's reactions(emotional, cognitive, and somatization) and coping behavior(functional, dysfunctional and the width of job-seeking network), depending upon individual characteristics(such as hardiness, self esteem, sex-role attitude, job-seeking efficacy, and attributional tendency) and social support(emotional, instrumental and religious). Using a survey questionnaire, data were collected from 270 unemployeds. The main results were as follows: 1) Financial distress had significant effects on psychological distress and somatization, but not on the reemployment expectation: 2)Three dimensions of hardiness had significant, but different effects on individual reactions and coping behavior of the unemployed: 3) Negative change in self esteem after job loss was positively related to psychological distress and somatization: 4) job-seeking efficacy tended to increase the width of job-seeking network, reemployment expectation and functional coping behaviors: 5) traditional sex-role attitude had a negative effect on the width of job- seeking network among the married male unemployed. 6) Emotional support from spouse was found to decrease the psychological distress and somatization of the unemployed, whereas instrumental support increased their reemployment expectation and functional coping behavior. 7) Two interaction effects were found significant. These research findings indicate that both deprivation theory and agency restriction theory are equally valid.