Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.19 No.1
Abstract
Over the past fifty years, there has been ample research in sustained attention, or vigilance, in the area of psychology and human factors. Although it was often questioned whether the large volume of research had a palpable impact on real world situations, various vigilance tasks and findings from the laboratory have been applied to the work world including transportation, military operation, inspection, safety management, and neuropsychological diagnosis and rehabilitation. Due to the increasing tendency of automation in industry, it is expected that there would be more and more dependence on human monitoring performance rather than on the ability of operating the system itself, which would in turn lead to the need for more effort to minimize the vigilance problem. The present study was aimed to review how the work in the laboratory was implemented to the real life problems and to discuss what needs to be done to bridge the gap between the two seemingly separate, but in fact quite interdependent worlds. A brief review of the neurophysiological basis of sustained attention, tools and tasks for measuring individual differences in sustained attention, and the psychological factors influencing vigilance performance was provided as well to understand the nature of vigilance problem.
Abstract
Recently there has been a hot dispute around practical intelligence(PI) and tacit knowledge(TK). Sternberg and his colleagues. cognitive psychologists. have proposed PI as the alternative of traditional intelligence and TK as the major component of PI from the beginning of 1980's. Some industrial/organizational psychologists presented a harsh critique against PI and TK. They argue that PI is a broad conceptualization of TK and TK is a kind of knowledge which has been well studied in I/O area. On the other hand Frank Landy argues for Sternberg and insist that Sternberg's ideas should be imported to I/O area. The author tries to establish a certain consistency between PI and TK by introducing implicit learning as an intervening variable. That is, PI facilitates implicit cognitive functioning such as implicit learning and TK is ascertained as a result.
Abstract
The present study was attempted to find out mechanisms and correlates of subjective age perception. The results of this study are as follows: First, individuals in their teen hold older subjective age identity, whereas during the early adult years, individuals maintain same age identities. Across the middle and later adult years, individuals report younger age identities. Discrepancies between subjective and actual age are associated with better psychological functioning. Second, discrepancies between subjective and actual age are associated with personal attitude of aging and ideal age. Third, adults with younger age identities report higher self-esteem and better verbal scores than adults with accurate or older age identity, suggesting that subjective age identity is an important predictor to psychological function. Fourth, self-esteem mediate age segmentation. Assigning positive meaning to age segmentation promotes age identification. Fifth, age perception is associated with traditionality, venturesomeness, homebodiness, and price sensitivity.
Abstract
Giftedness has become an important area in education and in psychology. This article explains the need for understanding of the giftedness and for emotional development for the gifted group's mental health. The definition and concept of giftedness, emotional characteristics of gifted children were emphasized as the flip sided of the creativity and intellectual abilities. The emotional vulnerability of gifted children was also discussed with endogenous and exogeneous stress factors. The endogenous stress factors were internal and social dyssynchrony, introversion, stimulus overperception, emotional sensitivity and overexcitability, perfectionism, self-criticism, risk avoidance, multipotentiality, and depression. The exogeneous stress factors were parenting, educational curriculum and schooling, others' expectation, peer relationship, parent-child relationship and expectation, siblings, understanding of the gifted, and social-cultural values. Two sided characteristics - positive adjustment and negative emotional problems within giftedness were explained with these factors. Finally, this article suggested the several guidances possibly useful for the purpose of intervention of emotional difficulties and emotional development of mental health. Suggestions included professional child counselling, emotional education, and parent counseling & education.
Abstract
This study examined semantic priming in the left and right hemispheres by utilizing the primed lexical decision task. Normal college students and an anomic patient participated in two experiments. The basic logic of this study is that differences in task performance, if the left hemisphere is responsible for the relevant lexical processing, will exist between anomic and normals because the left hemisphere of the anomic was damaged, while differences in task performance between the two groups, if the right hemisphere involves with semantic processing dominantly, will not be found. In Experiment 1, the priming effect of associative relatedness between Hangul words was investigated and found to coincide with those of previous studies. It was found that words with the associative relatedness exhibited facilitatory priming in both hemispheres. Normals showed a larger effect in the right hemisphere, while the anomic showed a larger effect in the left hemisphere. We suggest that these results of hemispheric differences come from the different linguistic processing between the two groups. In Experiment 2, the priming effect associated with the categorical relatedness was investigated. When the vertical relatedness existed between word pairs, normals showed the greater priming effect in the left hemisphere, while the anomic showed in the opposite manner. However, when the horizontal relatedness was utilized, both groups' showed greater priming effects in the right hemisphere. The priming effect identified in Experiment 1 and 2 herein leads to the conclusion that the processing manner is different for the two hemispheres.
Abstract
The characteristic of the retinal images projected from two objects lying in the same visual direction is that the order of the retinal images in one eye is reversed with regard to that in the other eye. To examine how the brain solves the correspondence problem when two matches violate ordering constraint, we measured depth of double images in this stimulus configuration. The results show that the perceived distance between two objects is the half of the actual one when two objects differs in size or luminance contrast, implying that the depth of the double image is determined by multiple matching. By contrast, the perceived distance between two stimuli is the same as the actual one when they are different in contrast polarity. These results suggest that the visual system apply the ordering constraints between matches with different size or different contrast, not between those with different polarity.