바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

Korean Journal of Psychology: General

ISSN : 1229-067X

Article Contents

Prev Next
e-Submission

Vol.29 No.2
Citation Share

Sleep Quality as a Mediator Variable between Circadian Typology and Depression Level

Korean Journal of Psychology: General / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2010, v.29 no.2, pp.355-370


& (2010). Sleep Quality as a Mediator Variable between Circadian Typology and Depression Level. Korean Journal of Psychology: General, 29(2), 355-370.
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed
PDF Download

Abstract

While humans’ sleep and wake episodes occur at about 24-hour cycle, there are individual differences in their preferences on bedtime, wake-up time and working hours, called ‘circadian type’. Morning-type and evening-type, the opposite extremes in the circadian typology, have been shown to differ not only in their preferred sleep patterns but also in some of their cognitive, behavioral and emotional aspects. Many studies have shown the correlation between evening type and depression. However, the causal relationship between the two has not been clarified. The present study aims to elucidate whether sleep quality mediates the relation between evening type and depression. Survey including the morningness-eveningness scale(the Korean version of Composite Scale of Morningness), depression scale(the Korean CES-D) and sleep quality measure(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) was conducted to 899 Korean college students. Correlation analysis shows that the more the eveningness, the lower the sleep quality and the more depressed. Also, the lower the sleep quality, the more depressed. Structure equational modeling using AMOS shows that sleep quality fully mediates the relation between circadian typology and depression, and 40.2% of depression is explained by circadian typology and sleep quality. The present results suggest that improving sleep quality by sleep hygiene education can decrease the depression in evening type.

keywords
일주기성 유형, 아침/저녁활동형, 우울 수준, 수면의 질, 매개효과, circadian typology, morning-evening type, depression level, sleep quality, mediating effect, circadian typology, morning-evening type, depression level, sleep quality, mediating effect

Reference

1.

김정기 (1998). Circadian Rhythm과 심리적 적응. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 3(1), 129-140.

2.

김정기, 송혜수 (2007). 수면 일주기 리듬의 개인차에 따른 수면습관, 심리적 적응 및 학업수행의 차이: 대학생을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 12(3), 631-648.

3.

전겸구, 최상진, 양병창 (2001). 통합적 한국판 CES-D 개발. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 6(1), 59-76.

4.

홍세희 (2000). 구조방정식 모형의 적합도 지수 선정기준의 그 근거. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 19(1), 161-177.

5.

Adan, A. (1994). Chronotype and personality factors in the daily consumption of alcohol and psychostimulants. Addiction, 89, 455-462.

6.

Adan, A., Fabbri, Marco., Natale, V., & Prat, G. (2006). Sleep beliefs scale (SBS) and circadian typology. Journal of Sleep Research, 15, 125-132.

7.

Breslau, N., Roth, T., Rosenthal, L., Andreski, P.(1996). Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: a longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults. Biological Psychiatry, 39, 411-418.

8.

Breus, M. (2005). Sleep dos and don'ts: Sleep hygiene solutions for better sleep. http:// my.webmed.com/content/Article/62/71839.htm. “Forquer, L. M., Camden, A. E., Gabriau, K. M., & Johnson, C. M. (2008). Sleep patterns of college students at a public university. Journal of American College Health, 56, 563-564”에서 재인용.

9.

Buysse, D. J., Reynolds III, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S.R., & Kupfer, D.J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28, 193-213.

10.

Carrier, J., Monk, T. H., Bussye, D. J., & Kupfer, D. J. (1997). Sleep and morningness- eveningness in the 'middle' years of life. Journal of Sleep Research, 6, 230-237.

11.

Chelminski, I., Ferraro, R., Petros, T. V., & Plaud, J. J. (1999). An analysis of the “eveningness- morningness” dimension in “depressive” college students. Journal of Affective Disorders, 52, 19-29.

12.

Chung, M., Chang, F., Yang, C. CH., Kuo, T.BJ., & Hsu, N. (2009). Sleep quality and morningness-eveningness of shift nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18, 279-284.

13.

Costa, G., Lievore, F., Casalleti, G., Gaffuri, E., & Folkard, S. (1989). Circadian characteristics influencing inter-individual differences in tolerance and adjustment to shiftwork. Ergonomics, 32, 373-385.

14.

Dahl, R. E., Ryan, N. D., Matty, M. K., Birmaher, B., Al-Shabbout, M., Williamson, D. E., & Kupfer, D. J. (1996). Sleep onset abnormalities in depressed adolescents. Biological Psychiatry, 39, 400-410.

15.

Dement, W. C. (2005). How to sleep well. http://www.stanford.edu/~dement/howto.html. "Forquer, L.M., Camden, A.E., Gabriau, K.M., & Johnson, C.M. (2008). Sleep patterns of college students at a public university. Journal of American College Health, 56, 563-564"에서 재인용.

16.

Ford, D. E., Kamerow, D.B. (1989). Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. JAMA, 262, 1479-1484.

17.

Giannotti, F., Cortesi, F., Sebastiani, T., & Ottaviano, S. (2002). Circadian preference, sleep and daytime behaviour in adolescence. Journal of Sleep Research, 11, 191-199.

18.

Gregory, A. M., Rijsdijk, F. V., Lau, J. Y. F., Dahl, R. E., ＆ Eley, T. C. (2009). The direction of longitudinal associations between sleep problems and depression symptoms: A study of twins aged 8 and 10 years. Sleep, 32(2), 189-199.

19.

Hidalgo, M. P., Caumo, W., Posser, M., Coccaro, S. B., Camozzato, A. L., & Chaves, M. L. F. (2009). Relationship between depressive mood and chronotype in healthy subjects. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 63, 283-290.

20.

Hirata, F. C., Lima, M. C. O., de Bruin, V. M. S., Nóbrega, P. R., Wencelau, G. P., & de Bruin, P. F. C. (2007). Depression in medical school: the influence of morningness- eveningness. Chronobiology International, 24(5), 939-946.

21.

Johnson, E. O., Roth, T., & Breslau, N. (2006). The association of insomnia with anxiety disorders and depression: Exploration of the direction of risk. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 40, 700-708.

22.

Livingston, G., Blizard, B. & Mann, A. (1993). Does sleep disturbance predict depression in elderly people-a study in inner London. British Journal of General Practice, 43, 445-448.

23.

McCutcheon, L. E. (1998). Stereotyping the nocturnal person: Findings with some alarming implications. The Journal of Social Psychology, 138, 411-413.

24.

Mecacci, L., & Zani, A. (1983). Morningness- eveningness preferences and sleep-waking diary data of morning and evening types in student and worker samples. Ergonomics, 26, 1147-1153.

25.

Medeiros, A. L. D., Mendes, D. B. F., Lima, P. F., & Araujo, J.F. (2001). The relationships between sleep-wake cycle and academic performance in medical students. Biological Rhythm Research, 32, 263-270.

26.

Megdal, S. P., & Schernhammer, E. S. (2007). Correlates for poor sleepers in a Los Angeles high school. Sleep Medicine, 9, 60-63.

27.

Mendelson, W. B., Sack, D. A., James, S. P., Martin, J. V., Wagner, R., Garnett, D., Miltion, J., & Wehr, T. A. (1987). Frequency analysis of the sleep EEG in depression. Psychiatry Research, 21, 89-94.

28.

Monk, T. H., Buysse, D. K., Potts, J. M., DeGrazia, J. N., & Kupfer, D. J. (2004). Morningness- eveningness and lifestyle and implications for studies on circadian rhythmicity. Age and Ageing, 27, 67-72.

29.

Monk, T. H., Petrie, S. R., Hayes, A. J., & Kupfer, D. J. (1994). Regularity of daily life in relation to personality, age, gender, sleep quality and circadian rhythms. Journal of Sleep Research, 3, 196-205.

30.

Oginska, H. & Pokorski, J. (2006). Fatigue and mood correlates of sleep length in three age-social groups: School children, students, and employee. Chronobiology International, 23, 1317-1328.

31.

Ohayon, M. M., & Roth, T. (2003). Place of chronic insomnia in the course of depressive and anxiety disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 37, 9-15.

32.

Pabst, S. R., Negriff, S., Dorn, L. D., Susman, E. J., Huang, B. (2009). Depression and Anxiety in Adolescent Females: The Impact of Sleep Preference and Body Mass Index. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44, 554-560.

33.

Patten, C. A., Choi, W. S., Gillin, J. C., & Pierce, J. P. (2000). Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking predict development and persistence of sleep problems in US adolescents. Pediatrics, 106, 1-9.

34.

Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.

35.

Randler, C. (2008a). Morningness-eveningness and satisfaction with life. Social Indicator Research, 86, 297-302.

36.

Randler, C. (2008b). Differences between smokers and nonsmokers in morningness-eveningness. Social Behavior and Personality, 36(5), 673-680.

37.

Rao, U., Hammen, C. L., & Poland, R. E. (2009). Risk Markers for Depression in Adolescents: Sleep and HPA Measures. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34, 1936-1945.

38.

Reid, K. J., Martinovich, Z., Finkel, S., Statsinger, J., Golden, R., Harter, K., & Zee, P.C. (2006). Sleep: a marker of physical and mental health in the elderly. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 860-866.

39.

Roenneberg, T., Wirz-Justice, A., Merrow, M. (2003). Life between clocks: Daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 18, 80-90.

40.

Shohet, K. L. & Landrum, R. E. (2001). Caffeine consumption questionnaire: A standardized measure for caffeine consumption in undergraduate students. Psychological Reports, 89, 521-526.

41.

Skouteris, H., Germano, C., Wertheim, E. H., Paxton, S.J., & Milgrom, J. (2008). Sleep quality and depression during pregnancy: a prospective study. Journal Sleep Research, 17, 217-220.

42.

Smith, C. S., Reilly, C., & Midkiff, K. (1989). Evaluation of three circadian rhythm questionnaires with suggestions for an improved measure of morningness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 728-738.

43.

Taillard, J., Philip, P., & Bioulac, B. (1999). Morningness/eveningnes and the need for sleep. Journal of Sleep Research, 8, 291-295.

44.

Tassi, P. & Muzet, A. (2000). A sleep inertia. Sleep Medicine Review, 4, 341-353.

45.

Wilkie, G., & Shapiro, C. M. (1992). Sleep deprivation and the postnatal blues. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 36, 309-316.

46.

Wittmann, M., Dinich, J., Merrow, M., & Roenneberg, T. (2006). Social jetlag: misalignment of biological and social time. Chronobiology International, 23, 497-509.

47.

Wolfson, A. R., Crowley, S. J., Anwer, U., & Bassett, J.L. (2003). Changes in sleep patterns and depressive symptoms in first-time mothers: last trimester to 1-year postpartum. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 1, 54-67.

Korean Journal of Psychology: General

e-Submission OA Policy