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Korean Journal of Psychology: General

ISSN : 1229-067X

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Vol.29 No.3

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Meaningful change in memory scores in repeated administration of the Elderly Memory disorder Scale

Korean Journal of Psychology: General / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2010, v.29 no.3, pp.441-460


& (2010). Meaningful change in memory scores in repeated administration of the Elderly Memory disorder Scale. Korean Journal of Psychology: General, 29(3), 441-460.

Abstract

Memory is a very important cognitive domain in neuropsychological evaluation of aged adults, and longitudinal assessments are often recommended for objective evidence of memory decline. Since memory decline and practice effects are both often observed in test-retest memory evaluation, normative standards to determine meaningful or reliable changes in memory performance are necessary in elderly adults. We explored the factors affecting the test-retest performance of memory tests and established normative rates of change on the Elderly Memory-disorder Scale from baseline to follow-up testing among 111 neurologically normal adults aged 60 and older. The results of stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that the most powerful predictor of performance change was the initial performance level. Education, age and general intellectual functioning were also significant predictors for some test scores. Generally, a person whose baseline performance was lower improved more on the retest. After controlling for one's initial performance, a person who was better-educated, younger, or more intelligent demonstrated greater improvement in one's performance. Normative retest data are presented for two analytic techniques: the Reliable Change Index adjusted for practice (RCIp) and the Standardized Regression-Based technique (SRB). For long-term memory indices of EMS, we classified improver and decliner by using the 90% prediction intervals of RCIp and SRB. We compared the two techniques in the improved group, the declined group, and the unchanged group, and found that RCIp tended to classify low performers as improvers. These results suggest that the SRB, which factors in performance differences at baseline and demographic variables, is a more useful and unbiased method for detecting changes compared to the RCIp.

keywords
기억 평가, 연습효과, RCIp, SRB, 예측구간, memory tests, practice effect, SRB, RCIp, prediction interval

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