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Torrance의 창의적 사고 검사에 대한 구성개념 타당도 분석
Construct validation of Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking
이순묵 (성균관대학교)
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초록
본 연구는 전 세계적으로 가장 널리 사용되고 있지만, 지속적으로 논란이 되어오고 있는 ‘Torrance의 창의적 사고 검사(TTCT)’의 구성개념타당도에 관련하여 요인타당도를 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있다. 첫째, Torrance의 창의적 사고검사 평가 요인들의 과제별 세부측정치들을 대상으로 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였고, 다음으로 탐색적 요인분석으로 얻은 결과가 안정적으로 나타나고 요인의 분산이 유의미한지를 확인하기 위하여 확대된 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, TTCT에서 산출된 11개의 과제별 세부측정치들은 TTCT의 과제효과를 나타내는 2개 요인과 인지적 개념을 나타내는 1개 요인으로 나타났다. 둘째, Torrance의 창의적 사고검사 차원성에 대한 선행연구에서는 TTCT가 단일차원성을 가지는지, 다차원성을 가지는지에 대한 논쟁이 끊임없이 제기되었다. 선행연구에서 언급된 1요인모형과 2요인모형은 분석 수준이 문항수준이 아닌 소척도(subscale)이므로 내용요인과 과제요인이 분리되지 않는 모형이었다. 그에 반해, 본 연구에서는 내용요인으로서 ‘확산적 사고’요인, 과제요인으로서 ‘그림완성과제’요인 및 ‘선 더하기과제’요인이 추출되었다. 이것은 TTCT에서 측정되는 구성개념이 현재의 자료에서는, Torrance의 주장과 달리 1차원이며 아울러 측정치는 확산적 사고라는 인지(cognition)만 측정하지 않고 과제요인까지 측정하는 상황인지적 도구라고 할 수 있다.
- keywords
- Creativity Assessment, Divergent Thinking Test, Structure of TTCT, Task effect, Creativity Assessment, Divergent Thinking Test, Structure of TTCT, Task effect, 창의성 측정, 확산적 사고 검사, TTCT 구조 모형, 과제효과
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the construct validity of the TTCT, which showed ongoing conflict regarding its dimensionality. The results can be summarized as follows. First of all, exploratory factor analysis was administered to at the level of task activities measuring creativity factors of divergent thinking. Next, a confirmatory rotation was performed to confirm whether the results obtained by exploratory factor analysis were generalizable. Therefore, total of three factor was derived; two factors representing task effect(i.e. Task 2 and Task 3), and one factor representing creativity measured by TTCT. Second, we tried to answer the long controversies have been raised continually whether TTCT is a single dimensional or multidimensional. To examine the dimensionality of TTCT, confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the fit of one factor model, and two factor model mentioned in the extent literature, and three factor model of this study. The result shows that the construct measured by TTCT is dimensional, which is not in accord with Torrance's view. It also demonstrated that task activities in TTCT measure both cognition factor and task factor, suggesting that TTCT is a tool of measuring situated cognition.
- keywords
- Creativity Assessment, Divergent Thinking Test, Structure of TTCT, Task effect, Creativity Assessment, Divergent Thinking Test, Structure of TTCT, Task effect, 창의성 측정, 확산적 사고 검사, TTCT 구조 모형, 과제효과
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