The self structure of narcissistic persons: approach based upon the overt vs covert subtype

황성훈

Korean Journal of Psychology: General

KOREAN
P-ISSN1229-067X
E-ISSN2734-1127
KCI

Home

OA Policy

ISSN : 1229-067X

Article Contents

Prev Next

e-Submission

Vol.29 No.3

Citation Share

The self structure of narcissistic persons: approach based upon the overt vs covert subtype

Korean Journal of Psychology: General / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127

2010, v.29 no.3, pp.507-531

(2010). The self structure of narcissistic persons: approach based upon the overt vs covert subtype. Korean Journal of Psychology: General, 29(3), 507-531.

copy

Abstract

Narcissism, which is defined as overestimation of one's own importance can be classified into expressive type(overt narcissism; ON) and hidden type(covert narcissism; CN) according to the way it is revealed. This research tried to prove that these subtypes can determine the inner self structure. Among 497 off-line and on-line university students, ON group(24 students), CN group(23 students) and normal control group(26 students) were selected on the basis of narcissistic personality disorder scale and covert narcissism scale. They were required to classify their own characteristics in self-aspect test, which approached their inner structure by producing self complexity index(H), compartmentalization index(φ), subjective integration rating(the evaluation of the harmony and order among self aspects), etc.. While ON was related to greater positive self complexity, a resilience factor in emotional distress, CN showed a higher degree of negative self complexity, a aggravation factor in emotional discomfort. In other words, ON differentiated their own positive aspects and attributes diversely in organizing self structure, which reflects the grandiosity of self image they apparently present. On the other hand, covert narcissists represent their negative aspects and attributes as complex structures, which means their self image is vulnerable. The proportion of negative compartmentalization was higher in CN group than in ON and control group. Covert narcissists' self structure separated their own positiveness and negativeness, accepting negativeness as more important and substantial aspect. Furthermore, CN rated their subjective self- integration lower than ON and others. They felt their self aspects were not harmonious and orderly. In conclusion, covert narcissists are most vulnerable in diagnostic indexes of self structure. Finally, some limitations of the current study and suggestions for future research are discussed.

keywords: narcissistic personality, covert narcissism, overt narcissism, self complexity, compartmentalization, 자기애성 성격, 내현형 자기애, 외현형 자기애, 자기 복잡성, 구획화

Reference

강선희, 정남운 (2002). 내현적 자기애 척도의 개발 및 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 14, 969-990.

김방글, 오수성 (2009). 실패경험이 외현적, 내현적 자기애 성향자의 자존감에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 28, 1069- 1081.

김윤주, 한성열 (1993). 자기애적 성격과 자기복합성의 관련성에 대한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 사회, 7, 28-36.

김윤희 (2001). 걱정이 많은 사람들의 자기개념과 자기복잡성. 서울대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.

박세란 (2004). 외현적, 내현적 자기애의 자기평가와 귀인양식. 서울대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.

이수현a (2005). 섭식문제가 있는 여대생의 완벽주의 패턴과 자기 지식 구조. 서울대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.

이수현b (2005). 자기 복잡성과 자기 개념 명료성이 심리적 적응에 미치는 영향. 서울대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.

이준득 (2005). 내현적, 외현적 자기애 성향자의 분노 특성. 서울대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.

정남운 (2001). 과민성 자기애 척도 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 13, 193-216.

10.

한수정 (1999). 자기애 성격성향자의 외현적, 내현적 자기관련인지 특성. 서울대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.

11.

황성훈 (2007). 정신병리에서 이분법적 사고의 역할. 서울대학교 대학원 박사학위 청구논문.

12.

황순택 (1995). 전형성 평정에 의한 성격장애 진단 준거 개발. 연세대학교 대학원 박사학위 청구논문.

13.

Akhtar, S., & Thomson, A. (1982). Overview: Narcissistic personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 12-20.

14.

American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed. revised) Washington, DC: Author.

15.

American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) Washington, DC: Author.

16.

Beck, J. S. (1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. New York: The Guilford Press.

17.

Cooper, A. M. (2000). Further developments in the clinical diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder. In F. Elsa, & E. Ronningstam (Eds.), Disorders of narcissism: Diagnostic, clinical and empirical implications(pp.53-74), London: Jason Aronson inc.

18.

Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 11-17.

19.

Gabbard, G. O. (1989). Two subtypes of narcissistic personality disorder. Bulletin of Menninger Clinic, 53, 527-532,

20.

Gabbard, G. O. (2000). Psychodynamic psychiatry in clinical practice. New York: American Psychiatric Press.

21.

Hendin, H. M., & Cheek, J. M. (1997). Assessing hypersensitive narcissism: A reexamination of Murray's narcissism scale. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 588-599.

22.

Hibbard, S. (1992). Narcissism, shame, masochism, and object relations: An exploratory correlational study. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 9, 489-508.

23.

Jordan, A., & Cole, D. A. (1996). Relation of depressive symptoms to the structure of self-knowledge in childhood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 530-540.

24.

Kernberg, O. F. (1975). Borderline condition and pathological narcissism. New York: Jason Aronson.

25.

Kernis, M. H., Brockner, J., & Frankel, B. S. (1989). Self-esteem and reactions to failure: The mediating role of overgeneralization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 707-714.

26.

Kohut, H. (1971). The analysis of the self. New York: International University Press.

27.

Linville, P. W. (1985). Self complexity and affective extremity: Don't put all of your eggs in one cognitive basket. Social Cognition, 3, 94-120.

28.

Linville, P. W. (1987). Self complexity as a cognitive buffer against stress-related illness and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 663-676.

29.

Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 177-196.

30.

Morgan, H. J., & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1994). Positive and negative self complexity: Patterns of adjustment following traumatic versus nontraumatic life experiences. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 13, 63-85.

31.

Rafaeli-Mor, E., & Steinberg, J. (2002). Self- complexity and well-being: A review and research synthesis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 31-58.

32.

Rafaeli-Mor, E., Gotlib, I. H., & Revelle, W. (1999). The meaning and measurement of self-complexity. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 341-356.

33.

Rhodewalt, F., & Morf, C. C. (1998). On self-aggrandizement and anger: A temporal analysis of narcissism and affective reactions to success and failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 672-685.

34.

Rhodewalt, F., Morf, C. C., & Cheney, S. (1998). Narcissism, self-knowledge organization and emotional reactivity: The effect of daily experiences on self-esteem and affect. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 75-87.

35.

Robins, R. W., & Dupont, P. (1992). Narcissistic needs of the self and perceptions of interpersonal behavior. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39, 462-467.

36.

Robins, R. W., Tracy, J. L., & Shaver, P. R. (2001). Shamed into self-love: Dynamics, roots, and functions of narcissism. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 230-236.

37.

Rhodewalt, F., & Regalado, M. (1996). NPI-defined narcissism and the structure of self. Unpublished data, University of Utah.

38.

Rhodewalt, F., Tragakis, M., & Hunh, S. (2001). Narcissism, social interaction, and self-esteem. Manuscript in preparation, University of Utah (Morf, C. C. & Rhodewalt, F. 2001에서 재인용)

39.

Rose, P. (2002). The happy and unhappy faces of narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 379-391.

40.

Rosenfeld, H. (1987). Impasse and interpretation: Therapeutic and anti-therapeutic factors in the psychoanalytic treatment of psychotic, borderline, and neurotic patients. London: Tavistock Publications.

41.

Showers, C. (1992a). Evaluatively integrative thinking about characteristics of the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 719-729.

42.

Showers, C. (1992b). Compartmentalization of positive and negative self-knowledge: Keeping bad apples out of the bunch. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 1036-1049.

43.

Showers, C., & Kevlyn, S. B. (1999). Organization of knowledge about a relationship partner: Implications for liking and loving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 958-971.

44.

Showers, C., & Larson, B. E. (1999). Looking at body image: The organization of self knowledge about physical appearance and its relation to disordered eating. Journal of Personality, 67, 659-700.

45.

Showers, C., Abramson, L. Y., & Hogan, M. E. (1998). The dynamic self: How the content and structure of the self-concept change with mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 478-493.

46.

Showers. C., & Kling, K. C. (1996). Organization of self-knowledge: Implications for recovery from sad mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 578-590.

47.

Wink, P. (1991). Two faces of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 590-597.

48.

Woolfolk, R. L., Novalany, J., Gara, M. A., & Allen, L. A. (1995). Self-complexity, self- evaluation, and depression: An examination of form and content within the self-schema. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 1108-1120.

49.

Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide. New York: Guilford Press.

바로가기메뉴

Article Contents

Vol.29 No.3

The self structure of narcissistic persons: approach based upon the overt vs covert subtype

Abstract

Reference

Korean Journal of Psychology: General