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ISSN : 1229-067X
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어머니의 불안정 성인애착이 자녀의 문제행동에 미치는 영향: 어머니의 정서와 심리적 통제의 매개효과
Maternal insecure adult attachment and child behavior problem: mediating role of maternal emotion and psychological control
초록
본 연구에서는 어머니의 불안정 성인애착이 어떤 심리적 과정을 통해 학령기 자녀의 문제행동에 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이와 같은 목적으로 어머니의 불안애착과 회피애착이 자신의 부정적 정서와 자녀에 대한 심리적 통제를 매개로 아동의 문제행동에 영향을 미치는 이론적 경로모형을 검증하였다. 서울과 경기지역 초등학교 4, 5학년 아동과 그들의 어머니 총 569쌍의 자료에 근거한 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어머니의 불안애착과 회피애착은 어머니의 우울증상과 상태불안을 가중시켰다. 둘째, 어머니의 불안애착과 회피애착은 우울과 불안을 매개로 자녀에 대한 심리적 통제를 증가시켰다. 이로써 아동 상담 장면에서 관찰되는 부모 자신의 부정적 대상관계표상이 역기능적 부모-자녀 관계로 전이되는 과정에 부모의 부정적 정서가 유의미하게 관여하는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 자녀가 지각한 어머니의 심리적 통제가 심할수록 자녀의 공격성, 주의집중문제 그리고 과잉행동으로 평가한 외현화 문제행동과 우울, 불안과 자기 부적절감으로 평가한 내면화문제행동이 증가하였다. 넷째, 어머니의 배우자에 대한 불안애착과 회피애착이 어머니 자신의 우울과 불안 그리고 자녀에 대한 심리적 통제를 가중시켜 자녀의 외현화, 내면화 문제행동을 심화하는 매개모형이 유의한 것으로 나왔다. 이와 같은 과정에 어머니의 부정적 정서는 자녀의 외현화 문제행동에 직접적인 영향을 미쳤다. 한편 배우자에 대한 불안정 애착과 부정적 정서로 측정된 어머니의 대인관계 양상 및 심리적 부적응이 학령기 자녀에 대한 심리적 괴롭힘을 유발하는 중요한 원인 요인임도 확인되었다.
- keywords
- 불안정 성인애착, 우울, 불안, 심리적 통제, 아동 문제행동, insecure adult attachment, depression, anxiety, parental psychological control, child behavior problem
Abstract
This study attempted to find a pathway of influence among maternal insecure adult attachment, emotion, psychological control and child psychological adjustment. Maternal reports of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, state anxiety and depression, as well as child report of maternal psychological control and externalizing and internalizing problems were analysed. Child externalizing behavior probems included aggression, hyperactivity, and attention problem while internalizing behavior problems were measured in terms of anxiety, depression, and sense of self-inadequacy. Statistical analyses were conducted on a sample of 569 mothers and their school age children using the SPSS 17.0 and AMOS 17.0. Results from the structural equation modeling indicated that maternal insecure adult attachment significantly influenced the level of maternal anxiety and depression. Maternal anxiety and depression, in turn, significantly increased the child report of maternal psychological control, which was a significant predictor of both child externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Maternal emotion in terms of anxiety and depression was also a significant independent predictor of child externalizing behavior problem. Results from the current study were discussed with regard to relevant findings in the extent literature. Limitations of the current findings as well as the suggestions for future study were also included.
- keywords
- 불안정 성인애착, 우울, 불안, 심리적 통제, 아동 문제행동, insecure adult attachment, depression, anxiety, parental psychological control, child behavior problem
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