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ISSN : 1229-067X

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Vol.30 No.2
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범주화 훈련이 아동의 귀납추리에 미치는 효과

The Effect of Categorization training on Children's inductive reasoning

한국심리학회지: 일반 / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2011, v.30 no.2, pp.571-597
김경진 (이화여자대학교)
이영애 (이화여자대학교)
김경진, & 이영애. (2011). 범주화 훈련이 아동의 귀납추리에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 30(2), 571-597.
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초록

우리나라 유아와 초등학생의 귀납추리 발달이 유사성 포괄 모형(Osherson, Smith, Wilkie, Lopez, & Shafir, 1990)에 기초한 Lopez, Gelman, Gutheil과 Smith(1992)의 결과와 일치하는지 알아보았다. 실험 1에서 유아와 초등학생의 귀납추리 현상에 대한 수행이 Lopez 등(1992)의 결과와 일치하지 않았다. 유아들의 귀납추리 판단 능력이 발견되지 않았으며, 초등학생 역시 저조한 수행을 보였다. 특히 귀납추리 과제를 수행하기 전에 연습문제로 제시된 친숙성 문항에 대한 정답률이 상당히 낮았다. 이런 결과는 범주화 능력에서의 차이로 판단되어, 실험 2에 참가한 유․아동들은 범주화 과제를 해결하는 훈련회기를 실시한 후, 귀납판단 과제를 수행하였다. 그 결과 초등학생은 Lopez 등(1992)의 결과와 비슷한 귀납추리 패턴을 보였으나, 유아들의 귀납추리 능력은 여전히 미흡하였다. 그러므로 실험 3에서는 유아만을 대상으로 좀 더 명시적인 범주화 훈련을 했을 때 귀납추리 능력이 향상되는지를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 친숙성 문항에 대한 정답률이 Lopez 등(1992)의 연구 결과 수준으로 향상되면서 귀납추리 판단 능력도 거의 일치하는 반응패턴을 보였다. 우리나라 유․아동의 귀납추리 판단 능력이 표면적으로는 부족해 보이지만, 범주 개념에 대한 표상이 명료화되면 귀납추리 판단 능력도 잘 발휘될 수 있었다. 이 연구는 우리나라 유․아동의 귀납추리 판단 능력의 양상을 밝혔다는 점과 범주화와 귀납추리 간의 관계를 명확히 하였으며, 우리나라 유․아동이 지니고 있는 범주화 지식이 암묵적이지만, 짧은 훈련으로도 범주화 지식이 쉽게 활성화되어 명시적으로 발현될 수 있다는 것을 밝혔다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

keywords
inductive reasoning, categorization training, category-based induction, similarity coverage model, 귀납추리, 범주화 훈련. 범주 기반 귀납, 유사성 포괄 모형

Abstract

The present study examined whether the pattern of development of inductive reasoning for Korean children is consistent with that for American children as demonstrated in the work by Lopez, Gelman, Gutheil, and Smith(1992) which applied a Similarity Coverage Mode(Osherson, Smith, Wilkie, Lopez, & Shafir, 1990) to children's inductive reasoning. Experiment 1, this study replicated several inductive phenomena of Lopez et al.(1992). Performance of Korean children not well solved as compared with Lopez et al.'s. Korean children showed lower performance about familiarization task as well as inductive task. Familiarization task simple decide to which category belong to each instances in order to practice inductive task. Performance of participants needs to improvement. In experiment 2, Researchers observed whether categorization training result in improvement of children' performance. The result showed ability of inductive reasoning was improved as much as Lopez et al.'s for the grade three in the several phenomena. However, preschoolers did not show performance of familiarization task is not match to Lopez et al's. In experiment 3, After training more explicit categorization to only preschoolers, Korean preschooler showed familiarization task and inductive task were consistent with Lopez et al's results. These experiment shows inductive ability of Korean children is lower on the surface than American's. However, After focusing on categorization through short training, Inductive performance of Korean children's improved. Abstract of category concept is implicit because of focusing on relation in Korean language. This study proposes that implicit categorization ability reveals explicit one through short training, what pattern show Korean children in the inductive development, and what is the relation between ability of inductive reasoning and categorization reasoning.

keywords
inductive reasoning, categorization training, category-based induction, similarity coverage model, 귀납추리, 범주화 훈련. 범주 기반 귀납, 유사성 포괄 모형

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