Psychoanalysis of shame and narcissism

정신분석에서 자기애에 대한 주제가 부각되면서 수치심에 대한 관심이 병행되어왔다. 프로이트 이후 자아 심리학 발달사에서 수치심은 그리 각광받지 못했던 개념이었다. 코헛이 자기 심리학을 창시하고 자기애라는 주제가 활성화되면서 비로소 관심을 받은 개념이기도 하다. 수치심이란 자기애의 주요한 정서적 표현이라는 점에서 임상장면에서 이들을 이해하는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 자기애에 접근하는 창이 될 수 있기 때문이다. 자기애와 관련하여 학파들마다 차이가 있고 이러한 차이에 따라 수치심을 바라보는 시각 또한 다르다. 욕동(drive)의 출현과 이들에 대한 갈등상황에서 보이는 신호, 혹은 방어기제로 이해하는 시각도 있고, ‘잃어버린 이상적인 대상과 융합’하려는 시각으로 보는 견해도 있다. 코헛은 수치심을 ‘공감해주고, 감탄해주는 자기대상(selfobject)의 실패로 인한 것’이라고 보았다. 본 논문에서는 수치심과 자기애의 관계를 정신분석적 시각에서 고찰하고 이것이 임상적으로 갖는 중요성에 대해서 논의하였다.

keywords: 수치심, 자기애, 자아 심리학, 자아 이상, 자기 심리학, Shame, Narcissism, Ego Psychology, Ego Ideal, Self Psychology

Abstract

With the topic of narcissism drawing attention, interest in shame also followed. Since the time of Freud, shame has not received much spotlight in the field of ego psychology. It is rather a concept which subsequently received recognition when the topic of narcissism arose through Kohut’s creation of self psychology. As an important emotional display of narcissism, shame plays a crucial role in clinical situations in understanding the narcissists. Psychoanalysts are divided in the topic of narcissism, and thus hold different perspectives for shame. Some view it as signal or defense mechanism for the conflict caused by the emergence of drive. Others view it as “the fusion with the lost idealized object”. Kohut’s viewpoint is that shame is “a failure of the selfobject in empathizing and admiring.” The following article will discuss the relationship between shame and narcissism in a psychoanalytical perspective and clinical importance of it.

keywords: 수치심, 자기애, 자아 심리학, 자아 이상, 자기 심리학, Shame, Narcissism, Ego Psychology, Ego Ideal, Self Psychology

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논문 상세

Vol.30 No.3

수치심(Shame)과 자기애(Narcissism)의 정신분석적 이해

Psychoanalysis of shame and narcissism

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 일반