ISSN : 1229-067X
The aims of this study were to examine the intergenerational transmission of self-differentiation from mother to her university daughter, and the effects of self-differentiation, intergenerational family relationship on the self-esteem and subjective well-being in female university students. The data were collected from 132 female university students and their mothers. The results were as follow; 1) The correlation analysis showed statistically significant positive correlation between mothers’ self-differentiation total and daughters’ self-differentiation total. In addition, we found that daughters’ self-esteem and subjective well-being showed meaningful correlation with their self-differentiation total and intergenerational family relationship total. 2) Mothers’ self-differentiation influenced daughters’ self-differentiation. 3) Stepwise multiple regression analyses demonstrated that intergenerational intimacy, the ability to take I position, emotional cutoff, and intergenerational triangulation exhibited a significantly contribution to self-esteem in order. Further, intergenerational intimacy, intergenerational fusion-individuation, and the ability to take I position exhibited a significantly contribution to subjective well-being in order. Finally, the study’s limits and further discussion were suggested.
곽윤영, 정문자 (2010). 부모의 양육태도 및 학생의 경제적 자립도가 대학생의 심리적 안녕감 및 자기 효능감에 미치는 영향. 한국청소년 연구, 21(3), 121-141.
김갑숙, 전영숙, 이철우 (2009). 청소년의 부모 애착, 자아분화, 자아존중감이 우울에 미치는 영향. 한국가족 치료학회지, 17(1), 209-224.
김광수, 김수아 (2006). 대학생이 지각한 가족체계유형에 따른 자아분화 정도 및 의사결정의 차이. 한국초등교육, 17(1), 269-291.
김동직 (1999). 문화적 맥락에서 본 개별성-관계성과 심리적 적응의 관계. 고려대학교 박사학위논문.
김순기 (2001). 기혼자녀가 지각하는 원가족의 정서적 건강성과 자아정체감이 결혼 후 심리적 안녕에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 경희대학교 박사학위논문.
남상인 (2003). 청소년의 자아분화와 자아존중감의 관계. 순천향 인문과학논총, 12, 77- 91.
노안영, 강영신 (2006). 성격심리학. 서울: 학지사.
설진미 (2006). 대학생의 지속적인 행복수준에 영향을 미치는 심리적 요인. 아주대학교 석사학위논문.
신혜섭 (2002). 보웬가족치료이론과 한국적용에 대한 고찰. 생활과학연구, 7, 193-201.
이선혜 (1998). 한국에서의 Bowen 이론적용에 대한 고찰: 자아분화 개념을 중심으로. 한국가족치료학회지, 6(2), 151-176.
이수정, 이은진 (2002). 대학생들의 정신건강 지표상 성 차이와 부모-자녀 관계. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 7(2), 75-92.
이은희 (2011). 대학생의 자아분화 수준과 심리적 부적응: 자기 통제력과 문제해결방식의 역할. 청소년학 연구, 18(12), 157-180.
이정희, 정경연, 유희정 (2007). 세대 간 가족관계와 자아분화 및 자아존중감이 대학생활 적응에 미치는 영향. 청소년학 연구, 14(5), 407-429.
이지민 (2010). 가족 건강성, 자아분화, 대인관계와 대학생 우울 간의 관계구조. 상담학연구, 11(3), 1271-1287.
장미혜, 정혜숙, 마경희, 김여진 (2011). 청년기에서 성인기로의 이행과정 연구 Ⅱ: 성인기 이행의 성별차이 연구. 한국청소년정책연구원.
장성숙 (2003). 한국문화와 현실역동상담의 상담자-내담자 관계. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 15(2), 147-160.
전병제 (1974). 자아개념 측정 가능성에 관한 연구. 연세논총, 11, 107-124.
전영주 (1998). 삼 세대 가족의 정서체계 역동성과 성인 자녀의 우울증. 한국 가족관계 학회지, 3(1), 22-45.
정경연 (2007). 부모 및 자녀의 자아분화수준과 아동이 지각한 세대 간 가족관계가 아동의 문제행동에 미치는 영향. 부산대학교 박사학위논문.
정경연, 심혜숙 (2007). 부모 자아분화와 아동 자아분화 및 세대 간 가족관계가 아동의 문제행동에 미치는 영향. 아동학회지, 28(6), 119-138.
전연진 (2002). 삼 세대 가족관계 경험과 아동의 스트레스 대처행동이 아동의 행동문제에 미치는 영향. 연세대학교 박사학위논문.
조긍호 (1999). 한국인의 주관적 안녕과 정서의 조절. 사회과학연구, 6, 27-86.
조명한, 차경호 (1998). 삶의 질에 대한 국가 간 비교. 아산재단 연구총서 제 48집. 서울: 집문당.
조영경 (1999). 어머니와 자녀의 자아분화 수준 및 신경증적 경향성의 관계. 울산대학교 석사학위논문.
최인재 (2005). 청소년의 정신건강에 미치는 영향에 대한 부모, 자녀관계의 문화적 특징-부자유친 성정을 중심으로-. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 17(4), 1059-1076.
최인재 (2006). 한국의 부모-자녀 관계에 대한 문화심리학적 고찰. 상담학 연구, 7(3), 761 -773.
최인재 (2009). 가족체계유형과 청소년의 자아분화 및 심리․사회적 적응간의 관계-가족응집성의 문화적 특성을 중심으로-. 청소년학연구, 16(4), 1-23.
하상희 (2007). 원가족 건강성과 자기분화의 세대 간 전이. 전북대학교 박사학위논문.
하상희, 정혜정 (2008). 자기분화의 세대 간 전이가 대학생의 심리적 적응에 미치는 영향. 대한가정학회지, 46(7), 95-108.
한소영, 신희천 (2009). 대학생이 지각한 부모-자녀 관계에서의 본 심리적 욕구 만족감이 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 21(2), 439- 464.
허재홍 (2009). 가족주의 가치관이 자기존중감과 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향. 상담학 연구, 10(4), 1769-1782.
Allison, M. D., & Sabatelli, R. M. (1988). Differentiation and individuation as mediators of identity and intimacy in adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Research, 3(1), 1-16.
Anderson, S. A., & Sabatelli, R. M. (1995). Family Interaction: A Multigenerational developmental perspective. Allyn and Bacon.
Aquilino, W. S. (1999). Two views of one relationship: Comparing parents’ and young adult children’s report of the quality of intergenerational relations. Journal of marriage and the family, 61(4), 858-870.
Aquilino, W. S. (2006). Family relationships and support systems in emerging adulthood. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp.193-217). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.
Arthaud-Day, M. L., Rode, J. C., Mooney, C. H., & Near, J. P. (2005). The subjective well- being construct: a test of its convergent, discriminant and factorial validity. Social Indicators Research, 74(3), 445-476.
Bao, X., & Lam, S. (2008). Who makes the choice? Rethinking the role of autonomy and relatedness in Chinese children's motivation. Child Development, 79(2), 269-283.
Bartle, S. E., & Anderson, S. A. (1991). Similarity between parents' and adolescents' levels of individuation. Adolescence, 26(104), 913-924.
Bowen, M. (1994). Family Therapy in Clinical Practice. New York: Jason Aronson.
Bray, J. H., & Harvey, D. M. (1992). Intimacy and individuation in young adult: Development of the young adult version of the personal authority in the family system questionnaire. Journal of Family Psychology, 6(2), 152-163.
Bray, J. H., Harvey, D. M., & Williamson, D. S. (1987). Intergenerational family relationships: An evaluation of theory and measurement. Psychotherapy, 24(3), 516-528.
Bray, J. H., Williamson, D. S., & Malon, P. E. (1984). Personal authority in the family system: Development of a questionnaire to measure personal authority in intergenerational family processes. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 10(4), 167-178.
Bucx, F., & Van Wel, F. (2008). Parental bond and life course transitions from adolescence to young adulthood. Adolescence, 43(1), 71-88.
Chung, H., & Gale, J. (2006). Comparing self- differentiation and psychological well-being between Korean and European American students. Contemporary Family Therapy, 28(3), 367-381.
Chung, M. J., & Yuh, J. I. (2009). Effects of individual and social factors on children’s affective problems and self-worth. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 30(3), 71-82.
Diener, E., Emmons, R., Larsen, R., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
Elieson, M. V., & Rubin, L. J. (2001). Differentiation of self and major depressive disorders: A test of Bowen theory among clinical, traditional, and internet groups. Family Therapy, 28(3), 125-142.
Fleming, W. M., & Anderson, S. A. (1986). Individuation from the family of origin and personal adjustment in late adolescence. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 12(3), 311-315.
Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Grolnick, W. S. (2003). The Psychology of parental control: How well-meant parenting backfires. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate.
Grych, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (1993). Children's appraisals of marital conflict: Initial investigations of the cognitive-contextual framework. Child Development, 64(1), 215-230.
Gushue, G. V., & Constantine, M. G. (2003). Examining individualism, collectivism, and self- differentiation in African American college women. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 25(1), 1-15.
Harvey, D. M., & Bray, J. H. (1991). Evaluation of an intergenerational theory of personal development: Family process determinants of psychological and health distress. Journal of Family Psychology, 4(3), 298-325.
Harvey, D. M., Curry, C. J., & Bray, J. H. (1991). Individuation and intimacy and intergenerational relationships and health: Patterns across two generations. Journal of Family Psychology, 5(2), 204-236.
Helgeson, V. S. (2002). The psychology of gender. Prentice Hall. USA.
Jenkins, S. M., Buboltz, W. C., Schwartz, J. P., & Johnson, P. (2005). Differentiation of self and psychological development. Contemporary Family Therapy, 27(2), 251-261.
Kagitcibasi, C. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(4), 403-422.
Kim-Appel, D., Appel, J., Newman, I., & Parr, P. (2007). Testing the effectiveness of Bowen's concept differentiation in predicting psychological distress in individual age 62 years or older. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 15(3), 224-233.
Klever, P. (2003). Intergenerational fusion and nuclear family functioning. Contemporary Family Therapy, 25(4), 431-451.
Larson, J. H., & Wilson, S. M. (1998). Family of origin influences on young adult career decision problems: A test of Bowenian therapy. American Journal of Family Therapy, 26(1), 39-53.
Leaper, F. (2002). The socialization of gender. In Grusec, J. E., & Hastings, P. D. (Eds.). Handbook of socialization. New York: Guilford Press.
Marsh, H. W., Martin, D., James, P., & Richard, W. (2004). Why multicollinearity matters: A reexamination of relations between self-efficacy, self-concept, and achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(3), 518-522.
Masten, A. S., Obradovic, J., & Burt, K. B. (2006). Resilience in emerging adulthood: Developmental perspectives on continuity and transformation. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century(pp.173-90). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.
Murdock, N. L., & Gore, P. A. (2004). Stress, coping, and differentiation of self: A test of Bowen therapy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 26(3), 319-335.
Olson, D. H., Russell, C. S., & Sprenkle, D. H. (1983). Circumplex Model of marital and family system: Ⅵ. Theoretical update. Family Process, 22(1), 69-83.
Osborne, L. N., & Fincham, F. D. (1996). Marital conflict, parent-child relationship, and child adjustment: Does gender matter? Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 42(1), 48-75.
O-Yang, Y., & Wu, L. (2012). An exploration on the causal model between parent’s self- differentiation and adolescent’s general health. Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 43(3), 567- 590.
Peleg, O. (2005). The relation between differentiation and social anxiety: What can be learned from students and their parents? The American Journal of Family Therapy, 27(2), 251- 261.
Perosa, L. M., Perosa, S. L., & Tam, H. P. (2002). Intergenerational systems theory and identity development in young adult women. Journal of Adolescent Research, 17(3), 235-259.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.
Skowron, E. A., Holmes, S. E., & Sabatelli, R. M. (2003). Deconstructing differentiation: Self regulation, interdependent relating, and well- being in adulthood. Contemporary Family Therapy, 25(1), 111-129.
Skowron, E. A., & Schmitt, T. A. (2003). Assessing interpersonal fusion: Reliability and validity of a new DSI fusion with others subscale. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29(2), 209-222.
Smith, J. B., Ray, R. E., Wetchler, J. L., & Mihail, T. (1998). Level of fusion, triangulation and adjustment in family of college student with physical and cognitive disabilities. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 26(1), 29-38.
Tuason, M. T., & Friedlander, M. L. (2000). Do Parents' differentiation levels predict those of their adult children? And other tests of Bowen's theory in Philippine sample. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(1), 27-35.
Tamura, T., & Lau, A. (1992). Connectedness versus separateness: Applicability of family therapy to Japanese families. Family Process, 31(4), 319-340.
Weiten, W., Lloyd, M. A., Dunn, D. S., & Hammer, E. Y. (2009). 생활과 심리학(제9판)[Psychology applied to modern life: adjustment in the 21st century]. (김정희, 강혜자, 이상빈, 박세영 역). 서울: 시그마프레스.
Wichstrom, L., & Holte, A. (1995). Fusion in the parent relationship of schizophrenia: Part of a symposium on family and schizophrenia. Psychiatry, 58(1), 28-43.
Williamson, D. S. (1981). Personal authority via termination of the intergenerational hierarchical boundary: A new stage in the family life cycle. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 7(4), 441-452.
Williamson, D. S., & Bray, J. H. (1988). Family development and change across the generations: An intergenerational perspective. In C. J. Falicov (Ed.), Family transitions: Continuity and change over the life cycle (pp. 357-384). New York: Guilford Press.