Archer, J. (2004). Sex differences in aggression in real-world settings: A meta-analytic review. Review of General Psychology, 8, 291-322.

Arnold, A. P., & Breedlove, S. M. (1985). Organizational and activational effects of sex steroids on brain and behavior: a reanalysis. Hormones and Behavior, 19, 469-498.

Austin, E. J., Manning, J. T., McInroy, K., & Mathews, E. (2002). A preliminary investigation of the associations between personality, cognitive ability and digit ratio. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 1115-1124.

Auyeung, B., Taylor, K., Hackett, G., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2010). Research Foetal testosterone and autistic traits in 18 to 24-month-old children. Molecular Autism, 1, 1-8.

Bailey, A. A., & Hurd, P. L. (2005a). Finger length ratio (2D:4D) correlates with physical aggression in men but not in women. Biological psychology, 68, 215-222.

Bailey, A. A., & Hurd, P. L. (2005b). Depression in men is associated with more feminine finger length ratios. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 829-836.

Barker, D. J. P. & Sultan, H. Y. (1995). Fetal programming of human disease. In M. A. Hanson, J. A. D. Spencer, & C. H. Rodeck (Eds.), Growth (pp.255-276). Cambridge, MA:Cambridge University Press.

Baron-Cohen, S. (2002). The extreme male brain theory of autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 248-254.

Benderlioglu, Z., & Nelson, R. J. (2004). Digit length ratios predict reactive aggression in women, but not in men. Hormones and Behavior, 46, 558-564.

Ben-Hur, H., Thole, H. H., Mashiah, A., Insler, V., Berman, V., Shezen, E., ... & Ornoy, A. (1997). Estrogen, progesterone and testosterone receptors in human fetal cartilaginous tissue:immunohistochemical studies. Calcified Tissue International, 60, 520-526.

Benderlioglu, Z., & Nelson, R. J. (2004). Digit length ratios predict reactive aggression in women, but not in men. Hormones and Behavior, 46, 558-564.

Bennett, M., Manning, J. T., Cook, C. J., & Kilduff, L. P. (2010). Digit ratio (2D:4D) and performance in elite rugby players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28, 1415-1421.

Berenbaum, S. A., Bryk, K. K., Nowak, N., Quigley, C. A., & Moffat, S. (2009). Fingers as a marker of prenatal androgen exposure. Endocrinology, 150, 5119-5124.

Berenbaum, S. A., & Resnick, S. M. (1997). Early androgen effects on aggression in children and adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 22, 505-515.

Bescos, R., Esteve, M., Porta, J., Mateu, M., Irurtia, A., & Voracek, M. (2009). Prenatal programming of sporting success: Associations of digit ratio (2D:4D), a putative marker for prenatal androgen action, with world rankings in female fencers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 625-632.

Bjorntorp, P. (1987). Fat cell distribution and metabolism. In R. J. Wurtman & J. J. Wurtman (Eds.), Human Obesity (pp.66-72). NewYork: New York Academy of Sciences.

Bhasin, S., Woodhouse, L., & Storer, T. W. (2001). Hormones and sport. Proof of the effect of testosterone on skeletal muscle. Journal of Endocrinology, 170, 27-38.

Breedlove, S. M. (1994). Sexual differentiation of the human nervous system. Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 389-418.

Breedlove, S. M. (2010). Minireview: Organizational hypothesis: instances of the fingerpost. Endocrinology, 151, 4116-4122.

Brown, W. M., Hines, M., Fane, B. A., & Breedlove, S. M. (2002). Masculinized finger length patterns in human males and females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Hormones and Behavior, 42, 380-386.

Buck, J. J., Williams, R. M., Hughes, I. A., & Acerini, C. L. (2003). In‐utero androgen exposure and 2nd to 4th digit length ratio—comparisons between healthy controls and females with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Human Reproduction, 18, 976-979.

Butovskaya, M. L., Vasilyev, V. A., Lazebny, O. E., Burkova, V. N., Kulikov, A. M., Mabulla, A., ... & Ryskov, A. P. (2012). Aggression, digit ratio, and variation in the androgen receptor, serotonin transporter, and dopamine D4 receptor genes in African Foragers: The Hadza. Behavior Genetics, 42, 647-662.

Chamberlain, N. L., Driver, E. D., & Miesfeld, R. L. (1994). The length and location of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the androgen receptor N-terminal domain affect transactivation function. Nucleic Acids Research, 22, 3181-3186.

Chapman, E., Baron-Cohen, S., Auyeung, B., Knickmeyer, R., Taylor, K., & Hackett, G. (2006). Fetal testosterone and empathy:Evidence from the empathy quotient (EQ) and the “reading the mind in the eyes” test. Social Neuroscience, 1, 135-148.

Chatterjee, S., & Chowdhuri, B. J. (1991). Comparison of grip strength and isometric endurance between the right and left hands of men and their relationship with age and other physical parameters. Journal of Human Ergology, 20, 41-50.

Coates, J. M., Gurnell, M., & Rustichini, A. (2009). Second-to-fourth digit ratio predicts success among high-frequency financial traders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 623-628.

Cohen-Bendahan, C. C., van de Beek, C., & Berenbaum, S. A. (2005). Prenatal sex hormone effects on child and adult sex-typed behavior: methods and findings. Neuroscience &Biobehavioral Reviews, 29, 353-384.

Coyne, S. M., Manning, J. T., Ringer, L., & Bailey, L. (2007). Directional asymmetry (right-left differences) in digit ratio (2D:4D)predict indirect aggression in women. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 865-872.

Crewther, B. T., Cook, C., Cardinale, M., Weatherby, R. P., & Lowe, T. (2011). Two emerging concepts for elite athletes. Sports Medicine, 41, 103-123.

Csatho, A., Osvath, A., Karadi, K., Bicsak, E., Manning, J., & Kallai, J. (2003). Spatial navigation related to the second to fourth digit ratio in women. Learning and Individual Difference, 13, 239-249.

Dabbs, J. M., & Dabbs, M. G. (2000). Heroes, rogues, and lovers: Testosterone and behavior. McGraw-Hill.

Dadds, M. R., Allen, J. L., Oliver, B. R., Faulkner, N., Legge, K., Moul, C., ... & Scott, S. (2012). Love, eye contact and the developmental origins of empathy v. psychopathy. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 200, 191-196.

De Bruin, E. I., De Nijs, P. F., Verheij, F., Verhagen, D. H., & Ferdinand, R. F. (2009). Autistic features in girls from a psychiatric sample are strongly associated with a low 2D:4D ratio. Autism, 13, 511-521.

Ecker, A. (1878). Einige Bemerkungen über einen schwankenden Charakter in der Hand des Menschen [Some remarks on a varying property of the human hand]. Archiv für Anthropologie (Braunschweig), 8, 67-74.

Fairburn, C. G., & Harrison, P. J. (2003). Eating disorders. The Lancet, 361, 407-416.

Feliciano, P., Niemitz, E., & Vogan, K. (2011). Sexually dimorphic digits. Nature Genetics, 43, 928.

Fink, B., Manning, J. T., & Neave, N. (2005). The 2nd-4th digit ratio (2D:4D) and neck circumference: implications for risk factors in coronary heart disease. International Journal of Obesity, 30, 711-714.

Fink, B., Manning, J. T., Neave, N., & Tan, U. (2004). Second to fourth digit ratio and hand skill in Austrian children. Biological Psychology, 67, 375-384.

Fink, B., Neave, N., & Manning, J. T. (2003). Second to fourth digit ratio, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-chest ratio:their relationships in heterosexual men and women. Annals of Human Biology, 30, 728-738.

Fink, B., Thanzami, V., Seydel, H., & Manning, J. T. (2006). Digit ratio and hand-grip strength in German and Mizos men: cross-cultural evidence for an organizing effect of prenatal testosterone on strength. American Journal of Human Biology, 18, 776-782.

Foundas, A. L., Leonard, C. M., & Heilman, K. M. (1995). Morphologic cerebral asymmetries and handedness. The pars triangularis and planum temporale. Archives of Neurology, 52, 501-508.

Frederick, M. J. (2010). Effects of early developmental stress on adult physiology and behavior. (Doctoral dissertation, the University at Albany, State University of New York).

Gallup, A. C., White, D. D., & Gallup, G. G. (2007). Handgrip strength predicts sexual behavior, body morphology, and aggression in male college students. Evolution and Human Behavior, 28, 423-429.

Gann, P. H., Hennekens, C. H., Ma, J., Longcope, C., & Stampfer, M. J. (1996). Prospective study of sex hormone levels and risk of prostate cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 88, 1118-1126.

Garbarino, E., Slonim, R., & Sydnor, J. (2011). Digit ratios (2D:4D) as predictors of risky decision making for both sexes. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 42, 1-26.

Gaub, M., & Carlson, C. L. (1997). Gender differences in ADHD: a meta-analysis and critical review. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1036-1045.

Geschwind, N., & Galaburda, A. M. (1985). Cerebral lateralization: Biological mechanisms, associations, and pathology: I. A hypothesis and a program for research. Archives of Neurology, 42, 428-459.

Grimshaw, G. M., Bryden, M. P., & Finegan, J. K. (1995). Relations between prenatal testosterone and cerebral lateralization in children. Neuropsychology, 9, 68-79.

Gur, R. C., Richard, J., Calkins, M. E., Chiavacci, R., Hansen, J. A., Bilker, W. B., ... & Gur, R. E. (2012). Age group and sex differences in performance on a computerized neurocognitive battery in children age 8-21. Neuropsychology, 26, 251.

Hampson, E., Ellis, C. L., & Tenk, C. M. (2008). On the relation between 2D:4D and sex dimorphic personality traits. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37, 133-144.

Hampson, E., & Sankar, J. S. (2012). Re-examining the Manning hypothesis:androgen receptor polymorphism and the 2D:4D digit ratio. Evolution and Human Behavior, 33, 557-561.

Hankinson, S. E., Willett, W. C., Manson, J. E., Colditz, G. A., Hunter, D. J., Spiegelman, D., ... & Speizer, F. E. (1998). Plasma sex steroid hormone levels and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 90, 1292-1299.

Harris, C. R., Jenkins, M., & Glaser, D. (2006). Gender differences in risk assessment: Why do women take fewer risks than men. Judgment and Decision Making, 1, 48-63.

Helleday, J., Bartfai, A., Ritzen, M., & Forsman, M. (1994). General intelligence and cognitive profile in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Psychoneuroendocrinology, 9, 343-356.

Honekopp, J., Manning, J. T., & Muller, C. (2006). Digit ratio (2D:4D) and physical fitness in males and females: Evidence for effects of prenatal androgens on sexually selected traits. Hormones and Behavior, 49, 545-549.

Honekopp, J., & Schuster, M. (2010). A meta-analysis on 2D:4D and athletic prowess:Substantial relationships but neither hand out-predicts the other. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 4-10.

Honekopp, J., & Watson, S. (2011). Meta-analysis of the relationship between digit-ratio 2D: 4D and aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 381-386.

Hurd, P. L., Vaillancourt, K. L., & Dinsdale, N. L. (2011). Aggression, digit ratio and variation in androgen receptor and monoamine oxidase A genes in men. Behavior Genetics, 41, 543-556.

Josephs, R. A., Sellers, J. G., Newman, M. L., & Mehta, P. H. (2006). The mismatch effect:when testosterone and status are at odds. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 999-1013.

Joyce, C. W., Kelly, J. C., Chan, J. C., Colgan, G., O’Briain, D., Mc Cabe, J. P., & Curtin, W. (2013). Second to fourth digit ratio confirms aggressive tendencies in patients with boxers fractures. Injury, 44, 1636-1639.

Jung, H., Kim, K. H., Yoon, S. J., & Kim, T. B. (2011). Second to fourth digit ratio: a predictor of prostate‐specific antigen level and the presence of prostate cancer. BJU International, 107, 591-596.

Kallai, J., Csatho, A., Kover, F., Makany, T., Nemes, J., Horvath, K., Kovacs, N., Manning, J. T., Nadel, L., & Nagy, F. (2005). MRI-assessed volume of left and right hippocampi in females correlates with the relative length of the second and fourth fingers (the 2D:4D ratio). Psychiatry Research, 140, 199-210.

Kallman, D. A., Plato, C. C., & Tobin, J. D. (1990). The role of muscle loss in the age-related decline of grip strength: Crosssectional and longitudinal perspectives. Journal of Gerontology, 45, 82-88.

Kasperk, C. H., Wakley, G. K., Hierl, T., & Ziegler, R. (1997). Gonadal and adrenal androgens are potent regulators of human bone cell metabolism in vitro. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 12, 464-471.

Kelley, D. B. (1993). Androgens and brain development: Possible contributions to developmental dyslexia. In A. M. Galaburda (Ed.), Dyslexia and development: Neurobiological aspects of extra-ordinary brains (pp.21-41). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Kelso, W. M., Nicholls, M. E., Warne, G. L., & Zacharin, M. (2000). Cerebral lateralization and cognitive functioning in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Neuropsychology, 14, 370-378.

Kempel, P., Gohlke, B., Klempau, J., Zinsberger, P., Reuter, M., & Hennig, J. (2005). Second to fourth digit length, testosterone, and spatial ability. Intelligence, 3, 215-230.

Keshavan, M. S., & Hogarty, G. E. (1999). Brain maturational processes and delayed onset in schizophrenia. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 525-543.

Klump, K. L., Gobrogge, K. L., Perkins, P. S., Thorne, D., Sisk, C. L., & Breedlove, S. (2006). Preliminary evidence that gonadal hormones organize and activate disordered eating. Psychological Medicine, 36, 539-546.

Knickmeyer, R., Baron‐Cohen, S., Raggatt, P., & Taylor, K. (2005). Foetal testosterone, social relationships, and restricted interests in children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 198-210.

Kritz-Silverstein, D., & Barrett-Connor, E. (1994). Grip strength and bone mineral density in older women. Journal of Bone Mineral Research, 9, 45-51.

Livshits, G., & Kobyliansky, E. (1991). Fluctuating asymmetry as a possible measure of developmental homeostasis in humans: A review. Human Biology, 63, 441-446.

Logan, S., & Johnston, R. (2010). Investigating gender differences in reading. Educational Review, 62, 175-187.

Lombardo, M. V., Ashwin, E., Auyeung, B., Chakrabarti, B., Lai, M. C., Taylor, K., ... & Baron-Cohen, S. (2012). Fetal programming effects of testosterone on the reward system and behavioral approach tendencies in humans. Biological Psychiatry, 72, 839-847.

Lutchmaya, S., Baron-Cohen, S., & Raggatt, P. (2002). Foetal testosterone and eye contact in 12-month-old human infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 25, 327-335.

Lutchmaya S, Baron-Cohen S, Raggatt P, Knickmeyer R, Manning, J. T. (2004). 2nd to 4th digit ratios, fetal testosterone and estradiol. Early Human Development, 77, 23-28.

Manikkam, M., Crespi, E. J., Doop, D. D., Herkimer, C. Lee, J. S., Yu, S., … Padmanabhan, V. (2004). Fetal programming:prenatal testosterone excess leads to fetal growth retardation and postnatal catch-up growth in sheep. Endocrinology, 145, 790-798.

Manning, J. T. (2002). Digit ratio: A pointer to fertility, behavior, and health. New Jersey:Rutgers University Press.

Manning, J. T. (2011). Resolving the role of prenatal sex steroids in the development of digit ratio. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 16143-16144.

Manning, J. T., Barley, L., Walton, J., Lewis-Jones, D. I., Trivers, R. L., Singh, D., ... & Szwed, A. (2000). The 2nd: 4th digit ratio, sexual dimorphism, population differences, and reproductive success: evidence for sexually antagonistic genes?. Evolution and Human Behavior, 21, 163-183.

Manning, J. T., Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., & Sanders, G. (2001). The 2nd to 4th digit ratio and autism. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 43, 160-164.

Manning, J. T., & Bundred, P. E. (2000). The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a new predictor of disease predisposition? Medical Hypotheses, 54, 855-857.

Manning, J. T., & Bundred, P. E. (2001). The ratio of second to fourth digit length and age at first myocardial infarction in men: a link with testosterone? British Journal of Cardiology, 8, 720-723.

Manning, J. T., Bundred, P. E., Newton, D. J., & Flanagan, B. F. (2003). The second to fourth digit ratio and variation in the androgen receptor gene. Evolution and Human Behavior, 24, 399-405.

Manning, J. T., Churchill, A. J., & Peters, M. (2007). The effects of sex, ethnicity, and sexual orientation on self-measured digit ratio (2D:4D). Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36, 223-233.

Manning, J. T., & Leinster, S. J. (2001). re: The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length and age at presentation of breast cancer: a link with prenatal oestrogen?. The Breast, 10, 355-357.

Manning, J. T., Morris, L., & Caswell, N. (2007). Endurance running and digit ratio (2D:4D):implications for fetal testosterone effects on running speed and vascular health. American Journal of Human Biology, 19, 416-421.

Manning, J. T., & Peters, M. (2009). Digit ratio (2D: 4D) and hand preference for writing in the BBC Internet Study. Laterality, 14, 528-540.

Manning, J. T., Scutt, D., Wilson, J., & Lewis-Jones, D. I. (1998). The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and oestrogen. Human Reproduction, 13, 3000-3004.

Manning, J. T., & Taylor, R. P. (2001). Second to fourth digit ratio and male ability in sport:implications for sexual selection in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 22, 61-69.

Manning, J. T., Trivers, R. L., Thornhill, R., & Singh, D. (2000). The 2nd:4th digit ratio and asymmetry of hand performance in Jamaican children. Laterality, 5, 121-132.

Martel, M. M., Gobrogge, K. L., Breedlove, S. M., & Nigg, J. T. (2008). Masculinized finger-length ratios of boys, but not girls, are associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Behavioral Neuroscience, 122, 273-281.

Martin, S. M., Manning, J. T., & Dowrick, C. F. (1999). Fluctuating asymmetry, relative digit length, and depression in men. Evolution and Human Behavior, 20, 203-214.

Mazur, A., & Booth, A. (1998). Testosterone and dominance in men. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21, 353-363.

McFadden, D., Westhafer, J. G., Pasanen, E. G., Carlson, C. L., & Tucker, D. M. (2005). Physiological evidence of hypermasculinization in boys with the inattentive type of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Clinical Neuroscience Research, 5, 233-245.

McIntyre, M. H., Ellison, P. T., Lieberman, D. E., Demerath, E., & Towne, B. (2005). The development of sex differences in digital formula from infancy in the Fels Longitudinal Study. Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences, 272, 1473-1479.

Medland, S. E., Zayats, T., Glaser, B., Nyholt, D. R., Gordon, S. D., Wright, M. J., ... & Evans, D. M. (2010). A Variant in LIN28B Is Associated with 2D: 4D Finger-Length Ratio, a Putative Retrospective Biomarker of Prenatal Testosterone Exposure. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 86, 519-525.

Millet, K., & Dewitte, S. (2007). Digit ratio (2D:4D) moderates the impact of an aggressive music video on aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 289-294.

Milne, E., White, S., Campbell, R., Swettenham, J., Hansen, P., & Ramus, F. (2006). Motion and form coherence detection in autistic spectrum disorder: Relationship to motor control and 2: 4 digit ratio. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 225-237.

Moller, A. P., & Swaddle, J. P. (1997). Asymmetry, Developmental Stability, and Evolution. Oxford:Oxford University Press.

Moore, T., Quinter, C., & Freeman, L. M. (2005). Lack of correlation between 2D: 4D ratio and assertiveness in college age women. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 115-121.

Moreira, B., Matsushita, R., & Da Silva, S. (2010). Risk seeking behavior of preschool children in a gambling task. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31, 794-801.

Muller, D. C., Baglietto, L., Manning, J. T., McLean, C., Hopper, J. L., English, D. R., Giles, G. G., and Severi, G. (2012). Second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), breast cancer risk factors, and breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. British Journal of Cancer, 107, 1631-1636.

Nelson, R. J. (3rd Ed.). (2005). An Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology. Sinauer Associates, Inc.

Nelson, E., & Shultz, S. (2010). Finger length ratios (2D: 4D) in anthropoids implicate reduced prenatal androgens in social bonding. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 141, 395-405.

Nicholls, M. E., Orr, C. A., Yates, M. J., & Loftus, A. M. (2008). A new means of measuring index/ring finger (2D:4D) ratio and its association with gender and hand preference. Laterality, 13, 71-91.

Noipayak, P. (2009). The ratio of 2nd and 4th digit length in autistic children. Medical Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 92, 1040.

Okten, A., Kalyoncu, M., & Yaris, N. (2002). The ratio of second- and fourth-digit lengths and congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Early Human Development, 70, 47-54.

Padmanabhan, V., Manikkam, M., Recabarren, S., & Foster, D. (2006). Prenatal testosterone excess programs reproductive and metabolic dysfunction in the females. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 246, 165-174.

Palmer, A. R., & Strobeck, C. (1986). Fluctuating asymmetry: measurement, analysis and patterns. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 17, 391-421.

Page, S. T., Amory, J. K., Bowman, F. D., Anawalt, B. D., Matsumoto, A. M., Bremner, W. J., & Tenover, J. L. (2005). Exogenous testosterone (T) alone or with finasteride increases physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low serum T. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, 90, 1502-1510.

Parsons, P. A. (1990). Fluctuating asymmetry: an epigenetic measure of stress. Biological Reviews, 65, 131-145.

Peters, M., Mackenzie, K., & Bryden, P. (2002). Finger length and distal finger extent patterns in humans. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 117, 209-217.

Putz, D. A., Gaulin, S. J. C., Sporter, R. J., & McBurney, D. H. (2004). Sex hormones and finger length: what does 2D:4D indicate? Evolution and Human Behavior, 25, 182-199.

Puts, D. A., McDaniel, M. A., Jordan, C. L., & Breedlove, S. M. (2008). Spatial ability and prenatal androgens: Meta-analyses of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and digit ratio (2D:4D)studies. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37, 100-111.

Rahman, A. A., Lophatananon, A., Stewart-Brown, S., Harriss, D., Anderson, J., Parker, T., ... & Muir, K. (2010). Hand pattern indicates prostate cancer risk. British Journal of Cancer, 104, 175-177.

Raymond, M., Pontier, D., Dufour, A. B., & Moller, A. P. (1996). Frequency-dependent maintenance of left handedness in humans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 263, 1627-1633.

Ronalds, G., Phillips, D. I. W., Godfrey, K. M., & Manning, J. T. (2002). The ratio of second to forth digit lengths: a marker of impaired fetal growth? Early Human Development, 68, 21-26.

Roney, J. R., Whitham, J. C., Leoni, M., Bellem, A., Wielebnowski, N., & Maestripieri, D. (2004). Relative digit lengths and testosterone levels in Guinea baboons. Hormones and Behavior, 45, 285-290.

Sapienza, P., Zingales, L., & Maestripieri, D. (2009). Gender differences in financial risk aversion and career choices are affected by testosterone. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 15268-15273.

Senju, A., & Johnson, M. H. (2009). The eye contact effect: mechanisms and development. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 127-134.

Shoup, M. L., & Gallup, G. G. (2008). Men’s faces convey information about their bodies and their behavior: What you see is what you get. Evolutionary Psychology, 6, 469-479.

Sim, K. (2013). The relationship between sextypical body shape and quality indicators. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 7, 97-120.

Singh, D. (1993). Adaptive significance of female physical attractiveness: Role of waist-to-hip ratio. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 65, 293-307.

Smith, A. R., Hawkeswood, S. E., & Joiner, T. E. (2010). The measure of a man: associations between digit ratio and disordered eating in males. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 43, 543-548.

Stenstrom, E., Saad, G., Nepomuceno, M. V., & Mendenhall, Z. (2011). Testosterone and domain-specific risk: Digit ratios (2D:4D and rel2) as predictors of recreational, financial, and social risk-taking behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 412-416.

Stevenson, J. C., Everson, P. M., Williams, D. C., Hipskind, G., Grimes, M., & Mahoney, E. R. (2007). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and digit ratios in a college sample. American Journal of Human Biology, 19, 41-50.

Talarovičová, A., Kršková, L., & Blažeková, J. (2009). Testosterone enhancement during pregnancy influences the 2D: 4D ratio and open field motor activity of rat siblings in adulthood. Hormones and Behavior, 55, 235-239.

Tester, N., & Campbell, A. (2007). Sporting achievement: What is the contribution of digit ratio? Journal of Personality, 75, 663-678.

Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. (1993). Human facial beauty: averageness, symmetry, and parasite resistance. Human Nature, 4, 237-270.

Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (1994). Human fluctuating asymmetry and sexual behavior. Psychological Science, 5, 297-302.

Trichopoulos, D. (1990). Hypothesis: does breast cancer originate in utero?. The Lancet, 335, 939-940.

van Anders, S. M., Vernon, P. A., & Wilbur, C. J. (2006). Finger-length ratios show evidence of prenatal hormone-transfer between oppositesex twins. Hormones and Behavior, 49, 315-319.

van Valen, L. (1962). A study of fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution, 16, 125-142.

Vermeersch, H., T'Sjoen, G., Kaufman, J. M., & Vincke, J. (2008). 2d: 4d, sex steroid hormones and human psychological sex differences. Hormones and Behavior, 54, 340-346.

Voracek, M., & Dressler, S. G. (2006). Lack of correlation between digit ratio (2D: 4D) and Baron-Cohen’s “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” test, empathy, systemising, and autism-spectrum quotients in a general population sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 1481-1491.

Voracek, M., & Loibl, L. M. (2009). Scientometric analysis and bibliography of digit ratio (2D:4D) research, 1998-2008 1, 2. Psychological Reports, 104, 922-956.

Voracek, M., Manning, J. T., & Dressler, S. G. (2007). Repeatability and interobserver error of digit ratio (2D: 4D) measurements made by experts. American Journal of Human Biology, 19, 142-146.

Voracek, M., Reimer, B., Ertl, C., & Dressler, S. G. (2006). Digit ratio (2D:4D), lateral preferences, and performance in fencing 1. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 103, 427-446.

Voyer, D., Voyer, S., & Bryden, M. P. (1995). Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: a meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 250-270.

Weber, D., Skirbekk, V., Freund, I., & Herlitz, A. (2014). The changing face of cognitive gender differences in Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 11673-11678.

Weissman, M. M., & Klerman, G. L. (1977). Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, 98-11.

Wisniewski, A. B. (1998). Sexually-dimorphic patterns of cortical asymmetry, and the role for sex steroid hormones in determining cortical patterns of lateralization. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 519-547.

Zheng, Z., & Cohn, M. J. (2011). Developmental basis of sexually dimorphic digit ratios. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 16289-16294.