외모로 사람을 판단하지 말라는 가르침에도 불구하고, 낯선 사람을 만났을 때 우리가 제일 먼저 주의를 기울이는 곳은 그 사람의 얼굴이다. 관상에 대한 관심과 인기는 고대 그리스 시 대부터 현재까지 지속되고 있을 뿐 아니라, 오늘날에도 여전히 많은 사람들이 타인의 얼굴을 통해 그 사람의 실제 성향을 파악할 수 있다고 믿고 있다. 이러한 관심을 바탕으로 그 동안 해외에서는 얼굴이 주는 정보의 다양성과 유용성 그리고 얼굴이 우리의 판단에 미치는 영향 에 대해 살펴보는 연구들이 활발히 수행된 반면, 국내에서는 아직까지 이에 관한 연구가 본 격적으로 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 주목하여 본 논문에서는 얼굴 지각 및 인상 형성에 대한 과거에서 현재까지의 연구들을 개관하고, 후속 연구 방안을 제안하였다. 먼저, 사람들이 얼굴 로부터 특성을 유추하는 양상 그리고 얼굴을 통한 추론이 다양한 영역에서의 판단과 결정에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴본 연구들을 소개하였다. 다음으로, 얼굴을 통한 판단의 정확성에 대 해 검증한 연구들을 상세하게 정리하고, 추가로 얼굴 정보에 의존하는 것이 잘못된 결정과 판단으로 이어질 가능성에 대해 논하였다. 마지막으로, 얼굴 지각 및 인상 형성의 문화 차를 살펴본 후, 얼굴을 통한 추론 및 판단과 관련하여 추후 연구 과제들을 제시하였다.
Despite the fact that we are told not to judge people by their appearances, when meeting someone for the first time, we automatically pay attention to their face. People’s interest in faces and the popularity of physiognomy have continued to the present day since ancient Greece, and many still believe they can make relatively accurate inferences about social and personal characteristics of others from facial appearances. In line with this strong interest, our face-based judgments have received extensive attention from researchers with diverse perspectives. However, they have received relatively little research attention in Korea. The goals of this article are to review the literature on face perception and impression formation and also, to suggest directions for future research. First, we introduce previous research on the way people make inferences from faces and the real world consequences of such inferences based on faces. Next, we review research on the accuracy of face-based inferences and further discuss when and how facial information leads observers to make wrong decisions and judgments. Finally, directions for future research are discussed.
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