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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI) 서울분원 대회의실(별관 3층)
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제4차 산업혁명 시대의 법심리학: 새로운 도전과 과제

Psychology and Law in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: New Challenges and Problems

한국심리학회지: 일반 / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2020, v.39 no.4, pp.481-516
https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2020.12.39.4.481
박광배 (충북대학교)
  • 다운로드 수
  • 조회수

초록

인류가 머지않아 진입하게 될 제4차 산업혁명 시대는 물리적 세계와 가상세계, 생물학적 영역과 디지털 영역의 경계를 부수고 융합하는 기술의 발전에 의해 주도될 것으로 예상된다. 새로운 기술의 발전은 장기적으로 인간에 대한 법의 전제와 법의 기능 및 역할에 변화를 가져올 것으로 예상된다. 단기적으로는, 기술의 발전이 사법시스템에 종사하거나 관련된 사람들을 조력, 지원, 인도하고, 나아가서 사람이 하던 일과 업무를 일부 대체하거나, 일부 민사 및 형사 절차가 온라인과 컴퓨터 시스템에 의해 이루어지는 등의 변화를 초래할 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 법환경의 변화는 사람과 법의 상호작용 과정에서 발생하는 문제를 파악하고 해결방안을 모색하는 법심리학의 적응적인 진화도 촉진하게 될 것으로 기대된다. 본 소고에서는 최근에 발전된 기술들이 이미 사법영역에 유입되어 나타되기 시작한 미세한 변화들 예컨데, 인공지능에 의한 범죄예측, 등에 기초하여, 멀지 않은 미래에 법심리학이 포렌식평가, 배심원선정, 과학적 증거, 사법의사결정, 그리고 수사 영역에서 새롭게 당면하게 될 것으로 예상되는 도전과 과제를 점검하였다. 또한, 기술에 기반한 새로운 범죄와 피해자보호의 문제가 나타나면서, 법심리학이 범죄자와 피해자에 대한 연구에서 새롭게 모색해야 할 잠재적 이슈들에 관해 논의하였다.

keywords
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Technology, Science, Legal Psychology, Forensic Psychology, Law, 제4차 산업혁명, 기술, 과학, 법심리학,

Abstract

The humanity stands on the brink of the fourth industrial revolution that will be characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres (Schwab, 2016). Technological developments in the long run will bring about fundamental changes in the assumptions and functions of the law in respect to individuals and societies. In the short term, new technologies will assist, support, and guide people functioning in legal industries and justice systems. Further developments of the revolutionary technologies will accelerate the replacements of human works by machines, and some civil and criminal proceedings will be conducted online and by computer systems. These changes in the legal environment are expected to promote the adaptive evolution of legal psychology and forensic psychology to identify problems arising in the process of human-law interaction and seek solutions. Based on the microscopic changes that have begun to appear as recently developed technologies have already flowed into the judicial field, for example, crime prediction by artificial intelligence, etc., this review evaluated the novel challenges and problems with which legal psychology and forensic psychology will face in the near future in the areas of forensic evaluation, jury selection, scientific evidence, judicial decision-making, and crime investigation. In addition, as new technology-based crimes and issues of victim protection emerged, potential problems that should be newly addressed in research on criminals and victims were discussed.

keywords
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Technology, Science, Legal Psychology, Forensic Psychology, Law, 제4차 산업혁명, 기술, 과학, 법심리학,

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