Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.42 No.2
Abstract
Despite the emphasis on the need for, and the understanding of, creativity, creativity myths widely known but devoid of scientific evidence are still hindering the realization of creativity. This study examined the prevalence of creativity myths among South Korean participants(N = 668) via two online surveys measuring different variables and compared the results to those of previous study(Benedek et al., 2021) which revealed the pervasive unfounded assumptions and biases concerning creativity across 6 countries. In addition, this study examined whether individual differences(demographic characteristics, source of knowledge, authoritarianism, perception of self-creativity, openness to experience, and goal orientations) presumably relevant to creativity have significant relationships with belief in creativity myths to replicate (Survey 1) and expand (Survey 2) the findings of the previous study. Results showed that South Korean participants also had stronger beliefs in creativity myths in general (53%). While this confirms previous research suggesting that universal belief in creativity myths is a cross-national phenomenon, it also revealed clear cross-cultural differences between Western countries and South Korea. Furthermore, the belief in creativity myths was related to age, reliance on undependable sources, authoritarianism, and learning and performance avoidance goal orientations. These results of this study suggested that the investigation of implicit theories about individual creativity and the understanding of creativity based on scientific evidence need to be strengthened and shared among children and adults in our society for effective creativity education and releasing the creative potentials of our society.
Abstract
Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) has been widely used to analyze measurement equivalence using factor models. Traditionally, in order to conclude that measurement equivalence exists, it is necessary to have evidence that the factor structure and measurement parameters, such as factor loadings are completely identical, with no differences across target groups or measurement occasions. However, when the number of groups is large, these conditions can become overly stringent or impractical. Approximate measurement invariance is a relaxed form of measurement invariance and proposed to practically examine measurement invariance between many groups. Alignment is a widely used procedure for analyzing approximate measurement invariance and has been used to compare measurement models with continuous indicator between many countries. On the other hand, the analysis of measurement invariance of test scores across ages reflecting developmental changes in psychological attributes has been mainly conducted by comparing two or three small age groups using multiple-group CFA. However, in the analysis of measurement invariance across ages, approximate measurement invariance can be applied to ages that are divided into a large number of age groups. The current study discusses the idea, necessity, and analytical model of approximate measurement invariance and illustrates the analysis of the approximate measurement invariance of psychological tests over time using the alignment method. In particular, we discussed the conceptual similarities and differences between measurement invariance and approximate measurement invariance for factor models with categorical data, and introduced the analytical process of measurement invariance and approximate measurement invariance for 26 age groups of K-MMSE test scores, a test for assessing cognitive function, using multiple-group CFA and the alignment method. Based on the results of the analysis, the implications of approximate measurement invariance versus traditional measurement invariance were explained, and discussions related to analysis of approximate measurement invariance with categorical data were summarized.
Abstract
In this study, in order to examine the effects of mindfulness meditation (MM) and loving-kindness & compassion meditation (LKCM) on healthy adult’s prosociality and antisociality, a meta-analysis was conducted by selecting 38 korean articles and dissertations up to October 3, 2022. Considering the three-arm design studies, 24 studies on MM and 19 studies on LKCM were selected. The quality of the study was evaluated for each of the MM study and the LKCM study, and the effect size of each meditation for prosociality and antisociality was synthesized. As moderating variables, publication status, control group type, semi-clinical group status, age, sex ratio within group, total intervention time (minutes), total intervention sessions (session), and total intervention period (weeks) were set. As a result of the meta-analysis, MM showed a large effect size in improving antisocial behavior, g = 0.876, but showed no significant effect size for prosociality, g = 0.407. In contrast, LKCM showed a moderate effect size in enhancing prosociality, g = 0.699, but showed no significant effect size for antisociality, g = 0.163. In this study, the differential effects of each type of meditation on prosociality and antisociality were discussed. As a result of the moderating effect analysis, all moderators were not significant. Additionally, the effect size of each type of meditation for each subcategory of prosociality (e.g., empathy, connectedness, forgiveness, and compassion) was synthesized. As a result, LKCM showed moderate effect sizes in enhancing all subcategories of prosociality, gs = 0.534 ∼ 0.795, but MM showed a small effect size only compassion, gs = -0.026 ∼ 0.473. Studies of MM on antisociality were found to be at high risk of publication bias, whereas the rest of the cases were not at high risk of publication bias. In the discussion, the results of the study were interpreted and implications and limitations were addressed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to improve the low internal consistency of two sub-scales of the Korean-Parental Overprotection Scale (K-POS), namely ‘face culture’ and ‘identification’, and to validate the revised scale for both high school and college students. In the fist step of the study, an initial pool of 29 items was developed through a literature review, focus group interviews, and content validity evaluations. The K-POS-2, consisting of 15 items with a four-factor structure (achievement orientation, control, face culture, and identification), was confirmed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with 880 high school students. Secondly, the validation of K-POS-2 was extended by conducting multi-group confirmatory factor analysis on a sample of 993 college students. The findings from this analysis further supported the measurement equivalence of the scales between the high school student group and the college student group. The K-POS-2 was also examined for convergent and discriminant validities and test-retest reliability with a sample of 100 high school students and 100 college students. The results showed that the K-POS-2 had a high correlation with the Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker et al., 1979) and another Korean cultural-specific overprotection scale, while exhibiting low correlations with scales that measured general parenting behaviors. These findings suggest that the K-POS-2 has been significantly improved in terms of its psychometric properties and usefulness compared to the original scale. The limitations and recommendations for future research were also discussed.