Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
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ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.5 No.2
Abstract
The present study tried to demonstrate that the context specificity of latent inhibition in classical conditioning is a matter of degree rather than all-or-none phenomenon. Rabbit's nictitating membrane response (NMR) was selected for classical conditioning, and the congruence between the context of stimulus pre-exposure period and that of conditioning period was systematically varied in order to assess its effect on the speed of conditioning. Thirty male New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to one of the five groups: a control, a same context, a one-third different context, a two-third different context and a totally different context group (Context consisted of an olfactory, an auditory, a spatial, a temporal and two visual cues. Thus the one-third different context group, for example, means that the context of the conditioning was different from that of the pre-exposure by two cues). Each subject except the control was, then, exposed to a randomly presented 1000-Hz tone 100 times under the respective context in each of three stimulus pre-exposure periods, after which 80 trials of conditioning were conducted in each of four conditioning periods. Results show that as the degree of congruence between the context of stimulus pre-exposure and that of conditioning decreased, the speed of conditioning increased accordingly. It is suggested that the results demonstrate a graded nature of context specificity of latent inhibition in particular, and that the structuring and influence of context upon conditioning be conceptualized in terms of graded scale rather than of all-or-none dichotomy in general.
Abstract
This study investigated whether the duration of electric foot shock is a critical factor to induce analgesia mediated by opiate and/or non-opiate system, whether analgesia by the opiate system is at the same time mediated by the anterior pituitary secreting ACTH and fl-endorphin and whether pain reactivity returns normal when the subjects experience the foot shock repeatedly. In Exp. I, 40 male rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups and intraperitoneally injected with naloxone, dexamethasone or saline, or pricked by the needle only respectively. All the animals were then subjected to footshock for 17.5 min. delivered under a 2-sec-on/5-sec-off paradigm, after which paw-licking latency on a hot plate was measured as an index of pain reactivity. 10 minutes later, the subjects again received the same patterns of the footshock, after which the latency was also measured. In Exp. II, new 40 male rats were employed and subjected to the same treatment as in Exp.I except that this time the footshock was delivered for 5 min. continuously. Results indicate that analgesia is mediated by the opiate system when the duration of footshock is relatively long (17.5 min. intermittent) and by the non-opiate system when it is relatively short (5 min. continuous), that the opiate system-mediated analgesia is simultaneously mediated by the anterior pituitary which is indicated by the fact that only under the same conditions antagonizing effects on analgesia of naloxone and dexamethasone took place, and that when the animal is repeatedly exposed to the footshock pain reactivity returns normal presumably because of the development of tolerance to analgesia.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that a learned taste aversion can be socially transmitted between conspecifics. Thirty-two albino rats were paired, each pair consisting of same-sex demonstrator and observer. In the experiment, observer rats interacted with conspecific demonstrators immediately after demonstrators consumed a novel tasting solution and were made ill by LiCl injection. Following their interaction with demonstrators, observers were tested for aversion to their ill demonstrator's solution. Analysis of the data showed that the observers as well as the demonstrators can develop aversion to the solution. These results were interpreted in terms of availability of communication between conspecifics in social animals like a rat.
Abstract
A probe recognition technique was used to examine the decay vs. rehearsal hypothesis of the visual short-term memory. In order to test the effect of visual memory span, three experiments were performed, respectively with three, five, and seven serially presented visual stimuli. These stimuli were randomly sampled from a pool of twelve mutually distinguishable schematic faces varing along three stimulus dimensions. Dependent measure of the experiments was the rate of correct recognition for the target stimulus immediately following a probe stimulus. From the experiments, it was found that the rate of stimulus presentation did not have significant effect, which implies that neither decay nor rehearsal of the visual memory may occur. Recognition performance became worse as the number of interfering items increased suggesting the effect of the limited structural capacity of the visual short-term memory. This effect of limited structural capacity was also confirmed in the comparison among the recognition performances from the three experiments. In general, the results suggest that the structure of visual short-term memory can be characterized by its limited capacity.
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate whether causally related sentences are represented in closely connected coherent unit. Experiment I showed that primed recognition of causally related sentences were faster than that of noncausally related sentences. Experiment II showed that this can not be attributed to the associative strength between the causally related sentences that existed prior to the experiment. These results were interpreted as supporting the 'closely connected coherent unit' view of causal information representation. The results were further interpreted in terms of a new 'deeper processing' framework.
Abstract
The effect of product familiarity on the dynamic aspect of consumer decision making is investigated in terms of Consumer Information Processing System(CIPS). The familiarity of a new product was investigated by actual experiences in a longitudinal study. The existence of various types of multiphase choice process was found in addition to the commonly assumed type of two phase process. An attempt to describe these choice process models and the decision rules in terms of several factors of CIPS was made.
Abstract
The present article compares domain-specific problem solving research with domain-independent problem-solving research which has been conducted under information processing approch to cognition. The domain-specific problem-solving research is examined in terms of its methodological characteristics, major results and proposed explanations about them, conflicting results and potential issues. In particular, its methodological problems are discussed in detail. It is suggested that since domain-specific problem-solving research is still at the descriptive stage in revealing the nature of expert information processing systems, the methodology of domain-independent problem-solving research should be utilized in this new resear area.
Abstract
This paper examines the Encoding Specificity Principle (ESP) and the related retrieval model (Synergistic Ecphoric Model of Retrieval) and assumption of the distinction between episodic and semantic memory. With the examination some difficulties with ESP and the related retrieval model and assumption are discussed.