Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
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ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.1 No.4
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the tendency for evaluations of personality-trait adjectives to be displaced as the favorablness of context variables. 175 Ss, divided at random into 7 groups by context variables, judged the 14 stimulus words in 10 contexts. Results indicate that the favorablness of contexts were directly related to those of the stimuli. 1) The favorablness of stimulus decreased, as the context increased. 2) When the favorablness level of stimulus was accorded with those of contexts, the evaluation of the stimulus was neutralized.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to test experimentally the Fest ingot's (1957) dissonance theory predictions about information selectivity. Subjects were 721 senior high school students. The experiment was conducted under the pretense of reading interest survey. Scholastic aptitude test which was important to high school students was administered for the preparation of dissonance manipulation. The experimental groups were received the test score which was randomly manipulated, while the control groups were not. Three forms of inters! survey questionnair which consist of 14 magazine article titles were administered for measuring the seletivc exposure to informations. The experimental conditions were divided by consonant-, dissonant-information presentation condition and the simultaneous presentation conditions of both information according to the nature of critical article titles of interest survey questionnaires. Interst in relevant information was measured by checking on the 10.5cm， 16-point graphic rating scales below the article titles. Opinion survey questionnaire was administered for measuring the magnitude of dissonance and evaluation of source of dissonance. The main results of present study were as following. 1. Generally the lower the score, the greater the magnitude of dissonance in all conditions. The magnitude of dissonance(pleasant-unpleasant) varied in accordance with the conditions of information presentation. Several dissonance groups showed inversed dissonance to the direction of experimental manipulation. 2. The curves of separate presentation conditions markedly differed from the curves of simultaneous presentation condition of descrepant informations. 3. The active seeking of consonant information from both contitions was not appeared. 4. There was active avoidance o£ dissonant information in the separate dissonant information presentation condition, but the seeking of dissonant information in the extreme dissonance group was not shown in this condition. The consonant information was also avoided as the dissonant information in the moderate dissonance groups of simultaneous presentation condition. 5. The curve of consonant information in simultaneous presentation condition was similar to the curve of Festinger's (1957) gambling study. 6. The degree of seeking consonant information was weaker than the degree of avoiding dissonant information. 7. Interest m relevant informations of the control groups was greater in the separate presentation conditions than in the simultaneous presentation condition (p<.04. one tailed). 8. The Rho coefficient between the magnitude of dissonance and the evaluation of source of dissonance was . 92.
Abstract
It was assumed that orgarnization could occur at both of the retrieval and storage stage and that the subjective set is it's main determinant. In an attempt to test this assumption, an experiment was performed, manipulating the list context-structuredness and inducing the subjective sets. Lists were consisted of 18 word-triads (noun, verb, & adverb). In the highly structured list (H), triads could be made into sentences and in the lowly structured list (L), unable. Sets were induced in three different ways. One group was given before presentation of the list，information of which part of each triad is to be recalled, another (CR) given the information just before recall, and the other given none but asked to recall all the items in the list. The number of repetition was taken as the dependent variable. The amount of orgarnization (O-E; ratio of repetitions) was greater in H than L. O-E was KR>CR>FR in H and KR>CR=FR in L. H>L was interpreted that high context increased the item availability with its high articulation. CR>FR was interpreted as a result showing that orgarnization could occur at retrieval by means of subjective set. KR>CR and KR>FR were interpreted as a result showing that organization could occur at storage. It was observed that processing mechanisms at each stage are multi-ones. Different nature of organization was proposed between the stage of storage and retrieval; the former as a process where the item availability-gets increased, while the latter as a process where already available items become more accessible.