Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
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ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.20 No.1
Abstract
There were many psychological theories in the Four-Seven Debates of the Neo-confucianism in the Chosun dynasty. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the psychological theories of moral judgments from the debates and to examine the derived hypotheses empirically through two experiments. The first study dealt with the differences in the situational characteristics between the Four-Beginnings and the Seven-Emotions. The results of this study revealed that the main situational contexts for the Four-Beginnings could be explained by the social good-bad goals or standards. whereas those of the Seven-Emotions could be explained by the personal good-bad goals or standards. The second study dealt with the moral judgments of the Four-Beginnings and the Seven-Emotions directly through an experiment in the interpersonal relationship contexts. The result of this study showed that the moral judgments of the Four-Beginnings and the Seven-Emotions were varied by the moral connotations of the behavioral events, the types of interpersonal relationships, and the types of the moral judgments. Especially the moral judgments of the Seven-Emotions were more based upon the above three independent variables than the Four-Beginnings. The results of these studies were discussed with the previous studies performed by the author(1996, 1997, 1998, 2000) and the suggestions for the future study are added.
Abstract
This study is intended to investigate Korean's affection reflected in Korean popular song's lyrics, The materials of this study were 749 Korean pop songs from 1946 to 1996, There is two implied questions on this study as follows: first, 'what is the most frequent vocabulary used in Korean pop songs lyrics)' and 'what is the main theme of Korean pop songs?' Second, does it show any distinctive feature as the times are changing? In order to solve these questions, first, the frequency of each word used in Korean pop song's lyrics was computed and then the theme of those song was classified and categorized, And contents analysis by behavioral and affectional type was administered on main theme, The finding showed that there were high frequent vocabularies in Korean pop song's lyrics and 'the love and separation between man and woman' was the main theme of Korean pop songs, Negative affection related words were found more frequently than positive affection related words, Negative affection was caused by unwanted, unsuccessful, unfinished and uncompleted consequence like a separation or parting. The marked behavioral and affectional type was 'secondary control or passive acceptance of reality' type and self-reproaching affection. But, as the changing of the times, it appeared that primary control and reproaching affection type was increased.
Abstract
Recently researchers on job related stress tended to regard experiences owing to stress as emotional exhaustion. On this regard, coping skills to regulate emotional arousal can provide answers for how to deal with stress. This paper once reviewed different viewpoints of emotion theorists on emotional regulation and discussed how their respective advocates could be applied to resolve stress-related maladjustment problems. Ahead of introducing specific management techniques of emotional stress, cognitive and peripheral theories of emotion were contrasted. Then issues were made on how both theoretical orientations developed respectively different techniques to regulate emotional overwhelming. Besides, neurological findings were introduced on how voluntary control might be possible over involuntary nervous exhaustion. Furthermore, it was discussed what new theoretical findings about emotional structure would Imply to emotional regulation.
Abstract
Emotion is the key concept to determine the competitiveness of the organization. Therefore, emotion has been considered as a core capital of organizational properties. This study consists of two parts. First, based on the review of recent research, we concluded the trust as a core of emotional capital in the organization. We analyzed how the leaders and members of the organization manage to the matter of trust and distrust. It suggested that 5 kinds of behavior as follows improve the trustfulness in the organization. 1) behavioral consistency, 2) behavioral integrity, 3) demonstration behavior of concern, 4) effective communication behavior, and 5) sharing of power and delegation of control behavior. Next, we collected the data from 2,543 employees about the incidence of 6 kinds of behaviors mentioned above. We found that 6 kinds of behavior types induced the feeling of trust and distrust in the workplace of Korea. And we collected and reported detailed lists of leader's verbal behaviors that induced the feeling of betrayal and insult from the employees. In the end, we suggested three methods for improving trust in the organization; 1) to treat employees as an internal customer, 2) to overcome the feeling of betrayal in the workplace, and 3) to shape the feeling of trust within organization.
Abstract
Memory research has served the frame work for cognitive psychology in methodological and theoretical aspects (e.g., Atkinson & Shiffrin's model, 1968). Many theories of memory have developed after the multi-score model of Atkinson & Shiffrin, in which memory is seen as a series of scores such as short-term store and long-term store or active memory and passive memory. Retrieval as a memory process also has been widely studied, and working memory model has suggested against the concept of a single short-term memory. Moreover a separate domain of research, multiple memory systems, emerged at 80's for explaining the phenomena of long-term memory, based on neuropsychological data. The theory of memory could be tested for its theoretical validity in terms of theoretical appropriateness bur also the degree of explaining neuropsychological data. The present paper provides basic accounts of memory theories with relevant neuropsychological data.
Abstract
Behavioral modification movement tried to find out theoretical rationales for therapeutic techniques and assessments by applying learning theories to clinical phenomena. However, cognitive interpretations of human behavior have been accepted gradually in behavioral therapies because of theoretical and empirical limitations of learning theories in explaining human behaviors such as emotion and language. This study reviews early learning theories such as classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social cognition theory which contributed to the beginning of the behavioral modification movement and major therapeutic techniques based on it. I discussed several limitations of behavioral theories argued by behavioral therapists and explained how these limitations have been overcome by recent learning theorists and behavioral therapists. Besides, I compared four possible roles of learning theories in behavior therapies and proposed prospective roles of learning theories with several representative models such as Bouton(I993)'s and Staats(l993)'s. In conclusion, one of main reasons to identify problems of behavioral therapies is the lack of communication between learning theorists and clinicians which resulted in disregarding recent development of learning theories, and the lack of integrative learning model which includes important principles and findings of various areas in psychology.
Abstract
Social psychological concepts and principles which can be applied to political and commercial advertising were reviewed. Learning principles, social perception concepts such as averaging principles, negativity effect, order effect in impression formation, attitude formation and change processes, Korean value shift and conformity, etc. can all be appropriately applied to the production and distribution of political as well as commercial messages in advertising. Because both commercial and political advertising are based on persuasive processes of messages purported to change people's impressions and attitudes on products and candidates and finally to increase in buying and voting behaviors, social psychological concepts can widely be applied. In order to decrease trial and error during the real production of favorable and effective persuasive messages, the accumulation of scientific studies on such concepts should be followed by systematic application of them to commercial as well as political advertising, which is now a promising field of application especially in Korea.
Abstract
The purose of this study is to show the way how a theoretical study in developmental psychology can be applied to a specific purpose in related area. We reviewed the studies of Hangul reading development as an example, and found that the key point in Hangul acquisition is to acquire grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules(G-P rule). However, it is hard to aware the G-P rule because graphemes and phonemes are part of gestalt-like Kulja and syllable. Children discover the word level, syllable level, and phoneme level of orthographic recognition unit in this order. Children need to acquire two kinds of knowledge, metaknowledge and specific knowledge. The major part of Hangul reading program focused the way how to provide two kinds of knowledge in each orthographic recodniton level in order to disamalgam the syllable and Kulja into phonemes and graphemes.
Abstract
Exposure therapy is a laboratory-based behavior therapy and clearly effective for anxiety disorders. This paper aimed to explore and recommend various improvements for the limitations of exposure therapy. First, the discovery process of it was historically investigated. Next, empirical studies of exposure therapy for various anxiety disorders were critically analyzed, and current status of the existing combinations of exposure and cognitive treatments was summarized. As limitations of exposure therapy, clients' poor compliance, relapse and recurrence, and limited clinical improvements were noted. Both earlier learning and more recent cognitive-behavioral theories were then discussed as theories that explain how exposure therapy works. Based on the aforementioned discussions, both strategies for enhancement of treatment compliance and general measures to prevent relapse or recurrence were offered. Furthermore, methods of combining exposure With more sophisticated cognitive treatments effectively as well as improvements for the procedures of exposure therapy were recommended. This paper concluded with directions and methodological issues for future research.