Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
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ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.23 No.2
Abstract
Emotional experience, emotion regulation, social goal priority, and subjective well-being in old age were investigated. In the study 1 where 19 old people(aged 63-83) were interviewed, the old people tended to report positive emontional experiences more than negative emotional experiences. They also preferred support-seeking, avoidance/distraction, and internal subjective reinterpretation to active problem-solving for the regulation of their emotions. In the study 2, 438 adults with ages ranging from 18 to 91 years served as the respondents. They were divided into the three age groups: 182 young adults (aged less than or equal to 30), 149 middle adults (aged from 40 to 64 years), and 104 old adults (aged over 65 years). The young and middle adults filled out the questionnaires in the group settings and the old adults were interviewed individually. in the results, the old adults experienced anger, sadness and anxiety less frequently, and serenity, joy/pleasure and supsupham more frequently. preferred internal reinterpretation and avoidance/distraction to active problem-solving and support-seeking as emotion regulation strategies. Also the old adults prioritized emotionally meaningful goal(emotion regulation), while the young adults prioritized autonomy goal and social acceptance goal. The results, in general, showed that old people takes the protective approach to emotion for their emotional optimization Which is the most important goa in old age.
Abstract
The present study investigated frontal-executive functions in 45 schizophrenic patients and 27 normal control subjects. All subjects were administered Executive Intelligence Test (EXIT), K-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (K-WAIS) and Rey-Kim Memory Test (RKMT). The major findings were as follows. Firstly, the difference between the schizophrenia group and the control group was most pronounced in executive intelligence quotient (EIQ) compared with the difference in verbal comprehension index (VCI), perceptual organization index (POI), freedom-from-distractibility index (FDI), and memory quotient (MQ). Secondly, the 4 difference scores of the EXIT are relatively pure measures of executive functions. The schizophrenic group was significantly lower than the control group in each difference score. Thirdly, of the schizophrenic group, 25 showed a clinically defective performance (i.e., ≤79) in at least one of the three summary measures--EIQ, MQ, and full-scale intelligence quotient (FIQ). Of these 25, 24 (96%) showed a defective performance in EIQ. These results suggest that frontal-executive function is one of the most defective cognitive functions in schizophrenia.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors related to the pathological worry which is chronic, uncontrollable and maintaining anxiety. In this study it was investigated whether three groups, pathological worrier, high normal worrier and low normal worrier, had the difference in positive belief and negative belief about worry or not. And the difference in information avoidance coping strategy and information-seeking/solution-generating coping strategies was also investigated among the three groups. For this purpose, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Worry Domains Questionnaire, Consequences of Worrying Scale, and Coping Strategies questionnaire were administrated to 578 undergraduates. Results indicate that first, pathological worrier and high normal worrier had more positive belief about worry than low normal worrier. Second, pathological worrier had more negative belief about worry than high and low normal worriers. Third, there were significant differences between pathological worrier and low normal worrier in information seeking/solution generating coping strategies, which pathological worrier got higher scores on information seeking/solution generating coping strategies than low normal worrier, while there was no difference among three groups in information avoidance coping strategy. These results suggested that the people with pathological worry have negative belief about worry. Nevertheless they cannot stop worrying and keep seeking informations and solutions about problems persistently. Their worry, therefore, become uncontrollable and anxiety maintains. Therefore, negative belief about worry and tendency to use information-seeking and solution-generating coping strategies persistently have to be target of the treatment for pathological worrier.
Abstract
The present study aims to critically review previous studies on the psychological approaches to art and make some suggestions that can help to activate further studies on this issue. First, psychological studies on art should pay more attention to the issue of artistic creativity. They have focused on artistic experiences, with little attention to the aspect of artistic creation. Second, artistic experiences concerning aesthetic objects should be explored in a wider range. In order to enable psychology of art to serve as a good basis for understanding culture and art, the definition of artistic experiences should be extended from mere pleasure to a whole effect of an aesthetic object. Third, more various research methods should be employed. Psychological studies on the arts should go beyond heavy reliance on quantitative analysis based upon empirical experiments and widely employ a phenomenological method and an in-depth qualitative analysis using a single subject. Lastly, interdisciplinary studies among psychology, aesthetics, philosophy and art should be activated. Complementing theoretical background knowledge about philosophy, aesthetics and art from empirical data about artistic experiences will facilitate and enrich studies in psychology of art.
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) is a new technology that alters the way individuals interact with computer. In fact, it can be defined as a set of computer technologies which, when combined, provide an interface to a computer-generated world. Virtual reality technology combines real-time computer graphics, body tracking devices, visual displays, and other sensory input devices to immerse a participant in a computer-generated virtual environment. After capturing the public imagination a decade ago, enthusiasm for VR flagged due to hardware limitations, and absent commercial market and manufacturers who dropped the mass-market products that normally technological development. Recently, however, improvements in computer speed, quality of head-mounted displays and wide-area tracking systems have made VR attractive for both research and real-world applications in neuroscience, cognitive science, and psychology. Also, applications have expanded as costs have come down and hardware has improved. Originally, VR was used to treat simple phobias, especially fear of heights and flying. Applications for claustrophobia, fear of driving, and fear of spiders ensued. Currently, there is ongoing work on PTSD, eating disorders, ADD/ADHD, schizophrenia, addictions, stroke and TBI patients, hemi-neglect disorders. Considerable success has been achieved in using VR for activity of daily living and distraction from pain. In future, technological advances in VR have opened up many new research possibilities and applications in behavior neuroscience and psychology.
Abstract
We investigated which lexical categories of maternal inputs predict most to infants' lexical development. The constraints view predicts that nouns are the most influencing lexical category, whereas the linguistic specificity view predicts verbs are the ones. Twenty six 13- to 36-month-old infants and their mothers were audiotaped when the mothers read a wordless picture book to their infants. All the words(i.e., the word token) as well as different words(i.e., the word types) in mothers' inputs were categorized into 7 lexical categories of Korean grammar. To assess the infants' vocabulary size, MCDI-K vocabulary checklist was used. The results show that, both in type and token analyses, pronouns were the most influencing word category. Further analyses showed that nouns and determinants were the significant predictors only for the younger infant group in the both type and token analyses. And for the type analysis, pronoun category was a significant predictor only for the older infant group. These results were reinterpreted as favoring the constraints view rather than the linguistic specificity view. Also the results indicated that lexical categories other than nouns and verbs are positive predictors of Korean infants' lexical development.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the gender differences in job-seeking variables such as work values, major commitment, perceived barrier factors in employment, career indecision, job-search behavior, self-efficacy of job-seeking, job-seeking stress, and mental health in 2,530 college seniors. The results showed significant gender differences on several aspects as expected. That is, female students had more difficulties in job seeking behaviors than male ones. Female students showed higher rates of career indecision and less active job-seeking behavior than male ones. Female students perceived more gender discrimination and physical problems such as appearance and height as barrier factors in getting a job than male ones. Female students experienced lower self-efficacy of job-seeking and more job-seeking stress and mental health problems than male ones. Finally, meanings of these results and suggestions for further research were discussed.