Determinants of the General Self-Esteem: Influences of Self-View, Importance, and Acceptance of Specific Domains

여러 영역의 능력 평정치의 합으로 자존감을 예측하는 데 있어서 각 개인이 각 영역에 부여하는 중요도(개인 중요성)가 반드시 고려되어야 한다는 주장은 James(1890)에서부터 있어 왔다. 그러나 개인중요성 가설을 검증하기 위해 시도된 연구들(Hoge & McCarthy, 1984; Marsh, 1986)의 결과에 의하면, 개인중요성의 고려는 자존감 예측력을 낮추며, 집단중요성(개인중요성의 집단 평균) 역시 자존감 예측에 도움이 되지 못한다는 것이었다. 연구 1에서는 먼저 참가자들 스스로의 장․단점을 쓰게 하고, 그 영역들에 대한 능력, 중요성, 자기수용(기분, 행/불행에 기여하는 정도, 자부심/열등감)을 조사하여 ‘자기중요성 가설’과 ‘단점의 자기 수용가설’(단점에 대한 자기 수용이 잘 된 사람의 자존심이 높을 것이라는 가설)을 검증하려 하였다. 연구 1에서는 참가자 각자의 응답 영역이 달라 집단중요성의 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 연구 2와 3에서는 연구 1의 자료에 근거하여 영역을 설정하고, 제시된 영역에 대하여 응답하게 하였다. 세 연구를 통하여 ⑴ 개인중요성이 자존감 예측에 적어도 방해요소는 아님, ⑵ 장․단점을 모두 망라한 전 영역에 대한 자기수용 지표가 자존감 예측에 매우 탁월함, ⑶ 아주 중요하지만 매우 열등한 영역에서 자기 수용을 잘 하는 사람이 그러한 영역에서 자기수용을 못하는 사람보다 자존감이 높음(단점 자기수용 가설의 지지 증거)을 발견하였다. 본 연구의 방법과 관련하여 연구 결과에 대한 대안 설명을 탐색해 보고, 그 과제를 해결할 후속연구들을 논의하였다.

keywords: 자존감, 자기수용, 영역별 능력과 중요성, general self-esteem, self-view (ability) of specific domains, importance of the domains, self-acceptance, general self-esteem, self-view (ability) of specific domains, importance of the domains, self-acceptance

Abstract

Many psychologists including William James (1890) contended that only the ability domains to which an individual gives importance will have influences on Global Self-Esteem (GSE). However, Hoge and McCarthy (1984) and Marsh (1986, 1993) showed that weighting by Individual Importance lowered the correlations of Self-View (of one's ability) to one's GSE and that weighting by Group Importance did not increase the correlations. In Study 1, participants were administered Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and wrote both their merits and their demerits, and then they rated, on each domain of these merits and demerits, Self-View(SV), Attitudes to their ability (general feeling; contributions to their happiness/unhappiness; pride/shame), and discrepancy between ideal and real self. In Study 2 and Study 3, participants rated the similar scales on the given domains which were determined from the content analysis of the data of Study 1. Results of three studies showed that ⑴ weighting by Individual Importance does not decrease, if not increase, the correlations between SV and GSE, ⑵ General Self Acceptance (favorite attitudes to both their merits and their demerits) is the most influential on predicting GSE, ⑶ individuals who have Acceptance of the most problematic Demerits (domains on which they give very high importance, but have very poor ability) have higher GSE than those who have not Acceptance of those problematic Demerits.

keywords: 자존감, 자기수용, 영역별 능력과 중요성, general self-esteem, self-view (ability) of specific domains, importance of the domains, self-acceptance, general self-esteem, self-view (ability) of specific domains, importance of the domains, self-acceptance

참고문헌

(1984) 자아-아이덴티티와 자존감과의 관계,

(1996) 사회적 판단과 동기 동기가 인지적 책략 선택에 미치는 영향을 중심으로,

(1989) 자존감과 비합리적 신념의 관계,

(2001) Self- esteem and emotion:Some thoughts about feelings,

(1960) Changes in self-ideal discrepancy in repressors and sensitizers Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,

(1991) Meaning of life, The Guilford Press

(1989) Self-presentational motivations and personality differences in self-esteem,

(1955) Relationships among acceptance of self acceptance of others Journal of Counseling Psychology,

(2003) The interactive role of global self-esteem and specific self-views,

10.

(1954) Changes in the relation between self-concepts and ideal self-concepts consequent upon client-centered counseling University of Chicago Press, In C

11.

(1967) The antecedents of self-esteem, Freeman

12.

(2003) How chronic self-views influence (and potentially mislead) estimates of performance.,

13.

(1964) Department of Mental Health,

14.

(1995) Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. ,

15.

(2002) A unified theory of implicit attitudes,

16.

(2000) Using the Implicit Association Test to measure self-esteem and self-concept,

17.

(1984) Handbook of social cognition,

18.

(1967) Comparison of typical peer and ideal percepts related to college achievement Journal of Social Psychology,

19.

(1997) The cultural construction of self-enhancement:An examination of group-serving biases,

20.

(1987) Self-discrepancy:A theory relating self and affect,

21.

(1984) Influence of individual and group identity salience in the global self-esteem of youth,

22.

(1890/인쇄중) The principles of psychology 정양은 역 심리학의 원리, 아카넷

23.

(1980) Deviant behavior in defense of self, Academic Press

24.

(1967) Self-images disparity:A developmental approach,

25.

(1970) The relative efficacy of various dimensions of the self-concept in predicting academic achievement,

26.

(1990) The case for motivated reasoning,

27.

(1986) Possible selves,

28.

(1986) Global self-esteem:Its relation to specific facets of self-concept and their importance,

29.

(1993) Relations between global and specific domain of self The importance of individual importance Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,

30.

(1969) Manual for the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale The Way I Feel About Myself Department of Mental Health,

31.

(1950) The significance of the self- regarding attitudes and perceptions, McGraw-Hill

32.

(1951) Client-centered therapy, Houghton Mifflin

33.

(1959184-256) A theory of therapy as developed in the client-centered framework A study of a science, McGraw-Hill

34.

(1954) University of Chicago Press,

35.

(1979) Conceiving the self, Basic Books

36.

(1982) Psychological selectivity in self-esteem formation Social psychology of the self-concept,

37.

(1965) Self-esteem:clinical assessment and measurement validation,

38.

(2004) Effects of explicit versus implicit social comparisons on activation Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,

39.

(1989) From self-conceptions to self-worth:On the sources and structure of global self-esteem,

40.

(1988181-227) Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior Advances in experimental social psychology, Academic Press

41.

(1980) Self-definition:The impact of the relative performance and similarity of others,

42.

(1983) The definition of self:Private and public self-evaluation management strategies,

43.

(2002) Global self-esteem in relation to structural models of personality and affectivity,

44.

(1974) University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln

바로가기메뉴

논문 상세

Vol.24 No.1

자존감 결정요인: 영역별 능력과 자기수용의 영향

Determinants of the General Self-Esteem: Influences of Self-View, Importance, and Acceptance of Specific Domains

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 일반