한국심리학회지: 일반
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정신장애인들의 진정한 사회 복귀는 가능한가?: 사회적 거리감 영향 요인 연구
Is it possible that people with mental disorders are reintegrated into our communities?: the Effect of Social Distance
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초록
우리 사회에서 정신장애인들이 받고 있는 낙인은 다른 소외집단보다 심각하며, 이로 인한 사회적 활동의 제한과 차별은 이들의 진정한 재활에 큰 방해가 되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 대학생들이 정신장애인들에 대해 느끼는 사회적 거리감이 정신장애의 증상(우울장애, 알콜중독, 정신분열병), 정신장애를 가진 사람들의 성별, 그리고 대학생들이 경험한 정신장애인과의 접촉(접촉여부, 접촉빈도, 접촉인상)에 따라 어떠한 차이를 보이는지 살펴보았다. 총 243명의 대학생이 설문에 참가하였으며, 예시문을 사용한 본 설문은 온라인으로 이루어졌다. 이 연구의 결과는 대학생들은 (1) 우울증상에 가장 낮은 사회적 거리감을, 반대로 정신분열병에 가장 높은 거리감을 보였고, (2) 정신장애를 가진 남자보다 여자에게 상대적으로 더 호의적인 반응을 보였으며, (3) 접촉 변인들 중에서는 접촉여부와 접촉빈도는 사회적 거리감과 관련성을 전혀 보이지 않았고, 오직 그들이 느꼈던 접촉인상만이 사회적 거리감과 유의미한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 정신장애인에 대한 편견을 줄이기 위해서는 정신분열병과 정신장애를 가진 남자의 경우에 대해 보다 역점을 두어 전략을 세워야 하며, 접촉의 방법을 사용함에 있어 단순한 만남이나 빈도수를 늘이는 양적인 방법보다 구조화된 만남을 통한 질적인 접촉의 기회를 만들어야 함을 보여주었다. 본 연구의 결과가 정신장애인에 대한 편견이나 차별 감소를 위한 프로그램의 내용과 방향을 설정하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.
- keywords
- 정신장애, 낙인, 차별적 행동, 사회적 거리감, 접촉 경험, mental disorders, stigma, discrimination, social distance, contact experience, mental disorders, stigma, discrimination, social distance, contact experience
Abstract
Stigma toward people with mental disorders in our communities is a serious situation, which causes them to prevent from both improving their clinical symptoms and reintegrating into our communities. The purpose of this research was to assess how much college students want to interact with people suffering from mental disorders depending on the symptoms of disorders (depression, alcohol abuse, schizophrenia), gender of people with disorders, and contact (experience, frequency, perception) of respondents. Data were collected in a web-based survey with vignettes on social distance scale and a total 243 students was used in the final data analysis. This study’s findings demonstrated that students were more willing to react (1) with person in depression vignette (while one in schizophrenia vignette were rated the most negative scores), (2) with more female in the vignettes than man regardless of symptoms and social context, (3) when they have positive impression from the contact experience with people suffering from mental disorders. Research findings turned out that it is essential for persons working in rehabilitation fields to consider the strategy for reducing stigma toward schizophrenia and man with mental disorders. In addition, the interventions with personal contact that could result in positive impression may significantly influence reductions of social distance, which could help people with mental disorders reintegrate into our communities.
- keywords
- 정신장애, 낙인, 차별적 행동, 사회적 거리감, 접촉 경험, mental disorders, stigma, discrimination, social distance, contact experience, mental disorders, stigma, discrimination, social distance, contact experience
참고문헌
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