충동성(impulsivity)과 강박성(compulsivity)은 여러 심리적인 문제나 장애에서 나타나는 특성이다. 특히 강박스펙트럼 장애(obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder)라는 진단 범주와, 충동성과 강박성에 대한 차원모형을 제안한 연구자들을 통해 두 특성의 관련성에 대한 연구가 광범위하게 이뤄지고 있으며, 강박스펙트럼 장애라는 진단의 타당성에 대한 논의도 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 문헌에서 기술된 충동성과 강박성 개념, 심리 장애 별로 나타나는 충동성과 강박성, 그리고 충동성과 강박성에 대한 이론적인 모형 및 실험적인 연구를 개관함으로써 두 개념의 정의와 관련성에 대해 정리해보고자 하였다. 문헌 및 연구에 대한 개관 결과, 두 개념은 동기, 기질, 효과적인 치료적 절차 등에서 차이점이 있으나, 반복성, 저항의 어려움 등 공통적인 특성도 있는 것으로 생각되며, 이들이 공유하는 기제나 공통의 특성으로 인해 개념의 혼동 및 혼용이 발생하기도 하는 것으로 보인다. 충동성과 강박성의 차원 모형에서 제안된 바와 마찬가지로 정신분석적인 접근이나 인지과학적인 접근, 신경생리학적 연구 및 신경심리학적 연구에서도 두 개념의 공유하는 기제나 공통된 특성을 일부 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로, 충동성과 강박성의 정의, 구분과 측정의 문제를 살펴보고 후속 연구 방향에 대해 제안하였다.
Impulsivity and compulsivity are key features in many psychological problems or disorders. By researchers who suggest diagnostic criteria of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder(OCSD) and dimensional model of impulsivity and compulsivity, relationships between impulsivity and compulsivity have been studied extensively, and the discussion over validity of OCSD diagnosis is also in progress. In this article, we are to review the concepts of impulsivity and compulsivity, which described in existing documents, which as shown in distinct psychological disorders, and with which related theoretical models and experimental researches. Then we also try to clarify their definitions and relationships. As the conclusion of review through documents and researches, we suggest that, the concepts have differences and common features as well, and partly due to their common features, there also come out confusions and mixtures of the concepts. And as suggested in dimensional model of impulsivity and compulsivity, we could identify some shared mechanisms and similar features of two concepts, also in psychoanalytical approach, cognitive science approach, neurophysiological researches, and neuropsychological researches. Finally we discuss about the definitions, discrimination, and measurement of impulsivity and compulsivity, and suggest future research directions.
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