The effect of conscientiousness, cognitive ability, and metacognitive ability on transfer of learning

본 연구는, 기질적인 요소인 성격 특질과 인지 능력, 그리고 발달 가능하다고 알려져 있는 메타인지 능력-얼마나 자기 자신의 수행을 정확하게 판단하는가-이 학습의 전이에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 참가자들은 성실한 성격과 인지 능력을 측정하는 검사에 응답한 뒤 컴퓨터 화면에 제시되는 두 도형의 일치 여부를 판단하는 시각 변별 과제를 수행하였다. 시각 변별 과제는 학습 단계 여덟 블록과, 학습 단계와는 다른 도형으로 이루어진 전이 단계 여덟 블록으로 나누어져 있다. 참가들이 자신의 수행에 대해 추정한 점수와 실제 점수의 차이를 통해 메타인지적 정확성을 계산하였으며, 이렇게 측정한 메타인지 능력과 기질적 특성이 전이 학습에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 난이도와 상관없이 성격과 인지 능력은 전이 단계의 수행을 유의미하게 예측해주지 못하였다. 자신의 능력을 정확히 알고 있는 집단만이 훈련 단계에서 학습 효과가 나타나고, 이러한 학습 효과가 전이단계까지 이어지는 것을 확인함으로써, 메타인지 능력만이 전이 단계의 수행에 유의미한 차이를 가져오는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.

keywords: Conscientiousness, Cognitive ability, Metacognition, Transfer of learning, 성실성, 인지 능력, 메타인지, 학습의 전이

Abstract

Metacognition, 'cognition of cognition', is one of the most important factor in learning. In this study, we aim to examine the influence of cognitive ability, conscientiousness of Big5 traits, and metacognition which means how one accurately evaluates oneself on transfer of learning. Participants answered questions regarding their trait and cognitive ability, and performed the visual discrimination task. The task consisted of 8 blocks of training session and 8 blocks of transfer session. In 5th block of training session, the task was designed for participants to experience change of difficulty during training session so that their accuracy of self-assessment becomes inaccurate. The differences between participants' anticipated scores and real performance scores of 6th block were used as indicators of metacognitive error. Results show that cognitive ability and conscientiousness are not significant predictors of transfer learning performance, but only metacognitive ability positively predicts the performance. The authors concluded that the metacognitive ability is the most important variable in predicting the learning and transfer of learning regardless of task difficulties. Such findings imply the vital role of metacognition in learning.

keywords: Conscientiousness, Cognitive ability, Metacognition, Transfer of learning, 성실성, 인지 능력, 메타인지, 학습의 전이

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논문 상세

Vol.31 No.1

성실성, 인지 능력, 메타인지 능력이 학습의 전이에 미치는 영향

The effect of conscientiousness, cognitive ability, and metacognitive ability on transfer of learning

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 일반