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한국심리학회지: 일반

ISSN : 1229-067X

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Vol.37 No.1
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손실과 이익 경험이 주관적 시간 지각에 미치는 영향

Effects of Loss and Gain Experience on Subjective Time Perception

한국심리학회지: 일반 / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2018, v.37 no.1, pp.105-125
https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2018.03.37.1.105
이고은 (부산대학교)
신현정 (부산대학교)
이고은, & 신현정. (2018). 손실과 이익 경험이 주관적 시간 지각에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 37(1), 105-125, https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2018.03.37.1.105
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초록

본 연구의 목적은 시간을 주관적으로 길거나 짧게 판단하게 만드는 심리적 요인의 효과를 경험적으로 접근하고, 그 결과가 갖는 함의를 통해 주관적 시간에 대한 설명틀을 제안해 보려는 것이었다. ‘시간 판단 비율’(객관적 시간/주관적 시간)이라는 조작적 개념에 바탕을 두고두 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 1에서는 부정 정서를 초래하는 손실 상황과 긍정 정서를 초래하는 이득 상황을 조작하여 참가자들에게 5분의 주관적 시간을 판단하도록 하였다. 그 결과, 손실 상황에서는 주관적 시간에 비해 객관적 시간이 느리게 가는 것으로 판단한 반면, 이득 상황에서는 주관적 시간에 비해 객관적 시간이 빠른 것으로 판단하였다. 실험 2에서는 현재와 특정 미래 시점을 손실이나 이득 상황으로 조작하고, 참가자들에게 그 미래 시점까지의 주관적 거리감을 추정하도록 요구하였다. 그 결과, 현재가 긍정적이지만 미래가 부정적인 경우 그리고 현재와 미래가 모두 긍정적인 경우에는 다가올 미래를 현재가 부정적이거나 미래가 긍정적인 경우와 현재와 미래가 모두 부정적인 경우에 비하여 미래를 가깝게 추정하였다. 이에 덧붙여 현재와 미래 상황이 모두 긍정적이거나 부정적일 경우에는, 미래보다는 현재 상황이 특정 미래 시점까지의 주관적 시간 거리 평가에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 ‘감내의 시간’과 ‘가용의 시간’이라는 조작적 개념에 근거한 주관적 시간설명틀을 제안하였다.

keywords
시간 지각, 주관적 시간, 객관적 시간, 시간 판단 비율, 가용의 시간, 감내의 시간, time perception, subjective time, time judgment ratio, time of availability, time of perseverance

Abstract

This study was to investigate the effects of psychological factors on the experience of subjective time, and to propose an explanation framework of subjective time based on the implications of the results. Two experiments were conducted with an operational concept of ‘time judgment ratio’(objective time/subjective time). In Experiment 1, participants judged subjective time in either a loss(negative emotion) or gain(positive emotion) situation. The results were that while the objective time was shorter than the subjective time in the loss situation(time judgment ratio < 1.0), the reverse was true in the gain situation(time judgment ratio > 1.0). In Experiment 2, the present time and a certain future time(1 month later) were manipulated as either a loss or a gain situation, and participants were asked to judge their subjective temporal distances to the future time. The results were as follows. When the present was positive and the future was negative, and when both the present and the future were positive, the future looked closer and came faster than the objective time. On the other hand, when the present was negative and the future was positive, and when both the present and the future were negative, the future looked farther and came slower than the objective time. One notable result was that the subjective temporal distance to a certain future was influenced by the positivity/negativity of the present more than by those of the future. An explanation framework of subjective time was proposed based on the operational concepts of ‘time of perseverance’ and ‘time of availability’.

keywords
시간 지각, 주관적 시간, 객관적 시간, 시간 판단 비율, 가용의 시간, 감내의 시간, time perception, subjective time, time judgment ratio, time of availability, time of perseverance

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