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  • P-ISSN1229-067X
  • E-ISSN2734-1127
  • KCI

ISSN : 1229-067X

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Vol.38 No.3

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불공정한 상황에 대한 정서와 반응의 문화차이: 한국, 미국을 중심으로

Cultural Differences in Response to Unfairness: A Study of Korea and the US

한국심리학회지: 일반 / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2019, v.38 no.3, pp.461-485
https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2019.09.38.3.461
정재욱 (서강대학교)
김영주 (서강대학교)
김보경 (연세대학교)
나진경 (서강대학교)
정재욱, 김영주, 김보경, & 나진경. (2019). 불공정한 상황에 대한 정서와 반응의 문화차이: 한국, 미국을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 38(3), 461-485, https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2019.09.38.3.461

초록

기존의 심리학 문헌에서는 개인주의 문화권에서보다 집합주의 문화권에서 분노나 적개심 같은 부적 정서의 표현이 억제된다고 보았다. 개인을 드러내는 표현이 장려되는 개인주의 문화권에서와 달리 집합주의 문화권에서는 집단의 조화를 해칠 우려가 있는 표현이 덜 허용되기 때문이다. 그러나 최근 연구에서 한국인들이 정서 표현을 반드시 억제하는 것은 아니라는 결과가 발견되고 있다. 본 연구는 최근 한국에서 사회적 이슈로 떠오르고 있는 불공정에 대한 정서반응을 분노를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서는 한국인과 미국인을 대상으로 가상의 불공정 경험 시나리오에 대한 응답을 수집하였다. 그 결과, 한국인들이 미국인들에 비해 불공정한 시나리오를 읽고 더 큰 분노를 표현하였으며, 상황에 대해 개입하고자 하는 의도가 더 컸고, 개선의 중요성 역시 더 크게 지각하였다. 그리고 개인의 불공정 경험 정도가 분노 표현의 문화 차이(한국vs미국)를 매개하였다. 또한 연구에 사용된 두 개의 시나리오 중 하나에서는 분노 표현의 문화 차이가 개선 중요성과 개입의도의 문화 차이로 이어졌다. 결과를 바탕으로 문화와 정서 표현 및 불공정 경험의 관계에 대한 함의와 시사점을 논의하였다.

keywords
unfair, emotion, anger, cultural difference, 불공정, 정서, 분노, 문화차

Abstract

Previous research in cultural psychology shows that the expression of negative emotions, in particular, anger tends to be socially regulated in collectivistic cultures(e.g., Korea) than in individualistic cultures(e.g., the US) as anger can be detrimental to social harmony. However, an emerging stream of literature suggests that Koreans are allowed to express anger in certain situations. Building on this line of literature, the authors reasoned that Koreans would express anger in response to social unfairness more than Americans because Koreans become increasingly interested in social justice these days. Consistent with the reasoning, Korean participants expressed more anger than did their American counterparts after reading two hypothetical vignettes describing unfairness. Also, the cultural difference in anger expression was mediated by how much they experienced unfairness in their daily life and also by how important they believed it was to improve social justice. Furthermore, the results in one out of two scenarios showed that the cultural difference in anger expression was closely linked to the corresponding differences in how important they believed it would be to improve social justice as well as how willing they would be to fight against unfairness. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed.

keywords
unfair, emotion, anger, cultural difference, 불공정, 정서, 분노, 문화차

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