Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.4 No.3
Abstract
This examined whether the visual discrimination is based upon form perse in rats. Eleven rats were trained to avoid electric shocks by discriminating upright and inverted triangle and were given three transfer tests. The test results showed that regional flux differences within the figure were more significant cues than form on the original discrimination. These results were consistent with those of Buchtel (1969) and Winans (1971).
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the number of coreferential ties, types of topical progression, and thematic coherence on recall of short discourses. In Experiment I, the discourses with greater number of coreferential ties were recalled better. When the type of topical progression were varied in two types; the linearly progressing type was recalled better if the number of coreferential ties were not explicitly controlled (Experiment II), while the hierachically evolving type was recalled better if the number of coreferential ties were controlled equal across the types (Experiment III). Experiment II also showed that the discourses with greater thematic coherence were recalled better. The results were interpreted as showing that coherence is the key determinant of discourse comprehension and memory
Abstract
Using the oddity judgment and classification tasks, five experiments examined the nature of visual organization of Korean Geulja which is composed of a vowel and consonants. Contrary to the predictions derived from Garner's (1978, 1981) work on grouping, Korean Geulja, structured by stimulus letters of heterogeneous dimensions, is well grouped and its emergent features facilitate the perception of component letters. This is more so in the case of a vowel letter. Results also show that this grouping is not affected by high-order cognitive processes. Selective attention to a component letter in a Geulja is easier than distributed attention to all components, suggesting that Korean Geulja is moderately grouped. Several factors affecting visual organization of Korean letters into a Geulja were found. The present results were discussed in comparison to previous studies on a selective attention approach to grouping.
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine whether the usual performance deficit effect of anxiety on retention changed as the materials to be remembered were emotionally toned and personally relevant and, furthermore, as they were requested to be self-referent processed. Forty adjectives used had a generally positive affective tone as personality descriptors, and another forty were negative. Adjectives used were describing personality traits either in the positive or in the negative way. The study employed the mixed factorial design of test anxiety (2) x self-descriptiveness (2) x likable-dislikable materials (2). In the Experiment I, subjects were asked to rate adjective words in terms of self-descriptiveness, familiarity, and personal meaningfulness. Experiment II used the intentional learning condition, which was contrasted with the incidental condition of the Experiment I. Firstly, self-monitoring increased as test anxiety level increased. Only the cognitive worry factor was used in test anxiety measurement. Self-processing of the individual's own self-traits might usually be task-irrelevant, resulting in the adverse effect of anxiety, when neutral materials were used. Secondly, processing of the materials related to self-description was not necessarily self-referenced and, thereby, no significant change of the deficit was followed. Thirdly, the performance deficit was significantly changed when self-referent processing involved the self-related materials. The change was particularly noted with dislikable materials. They were discussed with restriction of cue utilization hypothesis.
Abstract
Four experiments examined whether a word's meaning can be processed at the detection threshold at which people can only judge the presence of the word at a chance level or any other identification thresholds. Previous lexical decision studies reporting evidence for preconscious perception seemed to have suffered from conceptual as well as methodological weakness. The present study explored possible threshold conditions for preconscious perception, along with a test of an alternative hypothesis for the previous findings, namely the fragment hypothesis. Our experiments showed that masked prime words at a 50% identification threshold facilitate the processing of semantically related probe words and that the facilitation effects are independent of the associative strengths between the prime and probe. The latter result seems to support Freud's hypothesis on the multiple activations of associative pathways related to an unidentified stimulus.