Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.5 No.1
Abstract
A pulse model is described to account for the neural interaction involved in simultaneous brightness contrast. It is assumed that the response of a neural unit depends rather on the responses of its neighboring units through the process of recurrent inhibition than on its excitation by the external stimulus. A digraph of rosette form is designed to model the phenomenon of the Herman grid illusion based on the assumption of recurrent inhibition. Unlike the existing one-dimensional mathematical models of simultaneous brightness contrast, the pulse model includes the topographical aspects of neural interaction and successfully predicts the Hermann grid illusion.
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of syntactic parsing processes on relative-clause sentence comprehension process by using the self-paced word-by-word reading task. In Experiment I. left-branching sentence (SOV/SS) which can be processed by left-to-right parsing strategy and parallel processing strategy was found to be read faster than center-embedded sentence (OSV/SO) only after third word-phrase. In Experiment II. the co-referent argument of OSV/SS which can be processed by parallel processing strategy was found to be read faster than that of OSV/SO. These results show that left-to-right and parallel processing strategies are used in on-line comprehension processing. They were interpreted as showing that working-memory load was central to left-to- right processing and that the unconsistent double parsing was critical to parallel processing strategy.
Abstract
The present research showed; that the results of Bransford et al. (1977) that non-cohesive pictorial materials were better remembered than cohesive pictorial materials came from inappropriate compatibility between encoding conditions and retrieval conditions; and that there was no difference between cohesive materials and non-cohesive materials in goodness of memory. These results suggest some points to be considered in studying the effects of cohesiveness of pictorial materials on memory.
Abstract
The influence of dorsal hippocampal lesions upon a task which subjects behaved conditionally was examined. The task required that hungry rats learn to turn to the right in the illuminated condition and to the left in the unilluminated condition for food in the same T-maze. The behavior of 10 rats with bilateral hippocampal lesions was compaired with that of 9 sham-operated control subjects. Compaired with the control subjects, hippocampal subjects (a) took more trials to reach criterion on the T-maze task which required the conditional operation (P< .01). (b) Showed the tendency of response perseveration and (c) Showed more correct responses on a retention test (P<.01). These results were well interperted in the framework of 'conditional operation' by Hirsh. In turn, they were not well accounted for by the response perseveration hypothesis, spatial mapping hypothesis of O'keefe, or working memory hypothesis of Olton.
Abstract
This study was an attempt to examine dorsal hippocampal lesion effects on learning and retention in two way active avoidance task. Especially, the effects of contextual changes on retention in rats with dorsal hippocampal lesions were evaluated. Hippocampal and control rats learned two way active avoidance task and were subsequently tested for its retention under the same or different contextual conditions. Animals with hippocampal 1 的ions clearly reached our learning criterion more rapidly than the controls. Both groups showed equally good savings of the avoidance learning in the same contextual conditioning, but the hippocampal group showed impaired memory when contextual cues at retention testing did not conform to those of original learning. The data are seen to support a context hypothesis.
Abstract
The English version of the Adult and Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaires (EPQ) was translated into the Korean language. 90 items of the senior version of the EPQ were administered to 661 males and 539 females in Korea, and 81 items of the junior version of the EPQ were administered to 638 boys and 576 girls to compare the dimensional structures of personality in Korean and English adults and children respectively. It was found that identical factors emerged from the Korean population as had been found in the English population. Several items from the original English EPQ were switched to other scales in the Korean version of the EPQ. Although some items which constitute the Korean scales changed and the lengths of the scales were shortened, the reliabilities of all scales were satisfactorily high, intercorrelations of each scale were reasonably low, and the indices of factor comparisons were satisfactorily high. These suggest that major personality dimensions were similar in Korea as in English subjects and that the Korean version of the EPQ is potentially useful. Results of this comparative study have shown that Korean adults scored higher on the scales of psychoticism, neuroticism, and lie but lower on the scale of extraversion than English adults. Korean children scored higher on the lie scale but lower on the scales of extraversion and neuroticism than English children. Korean girls scored higher on the scale of psychoticism than English girls.